PSP Bibliography

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We present model calculations of the transport processes of solar energetic particles in the corona and interplanetary medium for two events detected by Parker Solar Probe near its second perihelion on 2019 April 2 and April 4. In the 2019 April 2 event, the \<100 keV proton differential intensity measured by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun Low-Energy Energetic Particle instrument increased by more than a factor of 10 above the pre-event intensity, whereas the \~1 MeV proton differential intensity detected by the High-Energy Energetic Particle Instrument did not show any intensity enhancement. In the 2019 April 4 event, the \~1 MeV proton intensity showed an increase of more than a factor of 100 above the pre-event intensity, but the \<100 keV proton intensity enhancement was rather low and gradual. The observational fact that only the 2019 April 4 event displayed a high-energy intensity enhancement indicates that the associated acceleration process in the second event was more energetic than the first event. However, the gradual and low enhancement of the low-energy proton intensity in the second event is at odds with this scenario. In this paper, we investigate the injection and transport processes of protons in the corona and interplanetary magnetic fields with numerical model simulations. Our model calculations suggest that the gradual and low rise of the low-energy protons in the April 4 event was probably due to the different diffusion conditions in these two events and the fact that the spacecraft was moving away from the source region during these two events.