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Notice:
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Found 300 entries in the Bibliography.
Showing entries from 251 through 300
| 2015 |
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The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP) Investigation on Solar Probe Plus is a four sensor instrument suite that provides complete measurements of the electrons and ionized helium and hydrogen that constitute the bulk of solar wind and coronal plasma. SWEAP consists of the Solar Probe Cup (SPC) and the Solar Probe Analyzers (SPAN). SPC is a Faraday Cup that looks directly at the Sun and measures ion and electron fluxes and flow angles as a function of energy. SPAN consists of an ion and electron electrostatic ... Kasper, Justin; Abiad, Robert; Austin, Gerry; Balat-Pichelin, Marianne; Bale, Stuart; Belcher, John; Berg, Peter; Bergner, Henry; Berthomier, Matthieu; Bookbinder, Jay; Brodu, Etienne; Caldwell, David; Case, Anthony; Chandran, Benjamin; Cheimets, Peter; Cirtain, Jonathan; Cranmer, Steven; Curtis, David; Daigneau, Peter; Dalton, Greg; Dasgupta, Brahmananda; DeTomaso, David; Diaz-Aguado, Millan; Djordjevic, Blagoje; Donaskowski, Bill; Effinger, Michael; Florinski, Vladimir; Fox, Nichola; Freeman, Mark; Gallagher, Dennis; Gary, Peter; Gauron, Tom; Gates, Richard; Goldstein, Melvin; Golub, Leon; Gordon, Dorothy; Gurnee, Reid; Guth, Giora; Halekas, Jasper; Hatch, Ken; Heerikuisen, Jacob; Ho, George; Hu, Qiang; Johnson, Greg; Jordan, Steven; Korreck, Kelly; Larson, Davin; Lazarus, Alan; Li, Gang; Livi, Roberto; Ludlam, Michael; Maksimovic, Milan; McFadden, James; Marchant, William; Maruca, Bennet; McComas, David; Messina, Luciana; Mercer, Tony; Park, Sang; Peddie, Andrew; Pogorelov, Nikolai; Reinhart, Matthew; Richardson, John; Robinson, Miles; Rosen, Irene; Skoug, Ruth; Slagle, Amanda; Steinberg, John; Stevens, Michael; Szabo, Adam; Taylor, Ellen; Tiu, Chris; Turin, Paul; Velli, Marco; Webb, Gary; Whittlesey, Phyllis; Wright, Ken; Wu, S.; Zank, Gary; Published by: Space Science Reviews Published on: 10/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-015-0206-3 Acceleration; Corona; Heating; Parker Data Used; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind plasma; SWEAP |
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We extend the kinetic guiding-center model of collisionless coronal hole protons presented in Isenberg \& Vasquez to consider driving by imbalanced spectra of obliquely propagating ion-cyclotron waves. These waves are assumed to be a small by-product of the imbalanced turbulent cascade to high perpendicular wavenumber, and their total intensity is taken to be 1\% of the total fluctuation energy. We also extend the kinetic solutions for the proton distribution function in the resulting fast solar wind to heliocentric d ... Isenberg, Philip; Vasquez, Bernard; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 08/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/119 parker solar probe; plasmas; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Sun: corona; turbulence; waves |
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RADIAL EVOLUTION OF A MAGNETIC CLOUD: MESSENGER , STEREO , AND VENUS EXPRESS OBSERVATIONS The Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus missions will provide observations of magnetic clouds closer to the Sun than ever before, and it will be good preparation for these missions to make full use of the most recent in situ data sets from the inner heliosphere\textemdashnamely, those provided by MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) and Venus Express\textemdashfor magnetic cloud studies. We present observations of the same magnetic cloud made by MESSENGER at Mercury and later by Solar T ... Good, S.; Forsyth, R.; Raines, J.; Gershman, D.; Slavin, J.; Zurbuchen, T.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 07/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/177 magnetic fields; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections: CMEs; Sun: heliosphere |
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A MODIFIED VERSION OF TAYLOR\textquoterightS HYPOTHESIS FOR SOLAR PROBE PLUS OBSERVATIONS The Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft will explore the near-Sun environment, reaching heliocentric distances less than 10 R☉ . Near Earth, spacecraft measurements of fluctuating velocities and magnetic fields taken in the time domain are translated into information about the spatial structure of the solar wind via Taylor\textquoterights \textquotedblleftfrozen turbulence\textquotedblright hypothesis. Near the perihelion of SPP, however, the solar-wind speed is comparable to the Alfv\ en speed, and Taylor\text ... Klein, Kristopher; Perez, Jean; Verscharen, Daniel; Mallet, Alfred; Chandran, Benjamin; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 03/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/801/1/L18 Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Parker Data Used; parker solar probe; Physics - Plasma Physics; Physics - Space Physics; plasmas; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Sun: corona; turbulence |
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Solar and heliospheric space missions The paper provides a review of the state of the art and prospects of space research in heliophysics, in which a pivotal role belongs to magnetic measurements in the Sun and heliosphere. New space missions, such as the Interhelioprobe, Solar Orbiter, Solar Probe Plus, etc., will follow the currently operating ones (Hinode, SDO, STEREO, etc.) to observe the Sun from short distances and from out-of-ecliptic positions, as well as to conduct in situ measurements in the vicinity of the Sun and outside the ecliptic. The planned ... Published by: Advances in Space Research Published on: 02/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.034 Heliosphere; Parker Data Used; parker solar probe; Solar and heliospheric space missions; Solar Probe Plus; Sun |
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Statistical study of magnetic cloud erosion by magnetic reconnection recent studies suggest that magnetic reconnection is able to erode substantial amounts of the outer magnetic flux of interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs) as they propagate in the heliosphere. We quantify and provide a broader context to this process, starting from 263 tabulated interplanetary coronal mass ejections, including MCs, observed over a time period covering 17 years and at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun with Wind (1995-2008) and the two STEREO (2009-2012) spacecraft. Based on several quality factors, including ... Ruffenach, A.; Lavraud, B.; Farrugia, C.; emoulin, P.; Dasso, S.; Owens, M.; Sauvaud, J.-A.; Rouillard, A.; Lynnyk, A.; Foullon, C.; Savani, N.; Luhmann, J.; Galvin, A.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: 01/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020628 coronal mass ejection; magnetic cloud; magnetic flux rope; magnetic reconnection; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind |
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Fundamental performance differences of CMOS and CCD imagers: Part VI Past papers demonstrated advancements made on developing scientific PMOS/NMOS CMOS imagers that match or exceed CCD performance. New data and discussions presented in this paper present further progress on subject matters that include: 1). subcarrier read noise performance with understandings for how the noise floor can be reduced further, 2). comprehensive correlated double sampling (CDS) signal processing noise fundamentals in response to random telegraph and flicker noise sources, 3). high energy radiation damage test dat ... Janesick, James; Elliott, Tom; Andrews, James; Tower, John; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1117/12.2189941 |
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Glass Surface Spall Size Resulting From Interplanetary Dust Impacts The size of relatively large dynamic conchoidal fractures, i.e., surface spalls, immediately adjacent to and around interplanetary dust (IDP) hypervelocity impact (HVI) craters or pits in glass substrates is relevant to spacecraft solar cell and science instrument lens performance metrics, as well as glass pane design and safety in manned missions. This paper presents an analysis of the diameter of surface spalls in glass for the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft, whose solar arrays and instruments must survive a 7-year miss ... Iyer, Kaushik; Mehoke, Douglas; Chadegani, Alireza; Batra, Romesh; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2015.7119067 |
| 2014 |
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DYNAMICS OF DOUBLE LAYERS, ION ACCELERATION, AND HEAT FLUX SUPPRESSION DURING SOLAR FLARES Observations of flare-heated electrons in the corona typically suggest confinement of electrons. The confinement mechanism, however, remains unclear. The transport of coronal hot electrons into ambient plasma was recently investigated by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Electron transport was significantly suppressed by the formation of a highly localized, nonlinear electrostatic potential in the form of a double layer (DL). In this work large-scale PIC simulations are performed to explore the dynamics of DLs in larger ... Li, T.; Drake, J.; Swisdak, M.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 09/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/7 acceleration of particles; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; parker solar probe; Physics - Plasma Physics; Physics - Space Physics; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: flares |
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In the frame of future exploration missions such as Solar Probe Plus (NASA) and PHOIBOS (ESA), research was carried out to study pyrolytic BN material envisaged as coating for their heat shields. The physico-chemical behavior of CVD pBN at very high temperature with or without hydrogen ions and VUV (Vacuum Ultra-Violet) irradiations was studied in high vacuum together with the in situ measurement of the thermal radiative properties conditioning the thermal equilibrium of the heat shield. Experimental results obtained on m ... Balat-Pichelin, M.; Eck, J.; Heurtault, S.; enat, H.; Published by: Applied Surface Science Published on: 09/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.007 Boron nitride; Heat treatment; Mechanical properties; Optical properties; parker solar probe; Proton irradiation; Solar Probe Plus |
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Mass loading of the solar wind by a sungrazing comet Collisionless mass loading was suggested by Biermann et al. (1967) for describing interactions between the solar wind and cometary atmospheres. Recent observations have led to an increased interest in coronal mass loading due to sungrazing comets and collisional debris of sunward migrating interplanetary dust particles. In a previous paper, we presented a 3-D MHD model of the solar corona based on the Block-Adaptive-Tree-Solarwind-Roe-Upwind-Scheme code which includes the interaction of dust with the solar wind. We have s ... Rasca, A.; Oran, R.; anyi, M.; Published by: Geophysical Research Letters Published on: 08/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060990 |
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THE VIOLATION OF THE TAYLOR HYPOTHESIS IN MEASUREMENTS OF SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE Motivated by the upcoming Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus missions, qualitative and quantitative predictions are made for the effects of the violation of the Taylor hypothesis on the magnetic energy frequency spectrum measured in the near-Sun environment. The synthetic spacecraft data method is used to predict observational signatures of the violation for critically balanced Alfv\ enic turbulence or parallel fast/whistler turbulence. The violation of the Taylor hypothesis can occur in the slow flow regime, leading to a ... Klein, K.; Howes, G.; TenBarge, J.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 08/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/790/2/L20 Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; parker solar probe; Physics - Plasma Physics; Physics - Space Physics; plasmas; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; turbulence; waves |
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Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISIS): Design of the Energetic Particle Investigation The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISIS) is a complete science investigation on the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission, which flies to within nine solar radii of the Sun\textquoterights surface. ISIS comprises a two-instrument suite to measure energetic particles over a very broad energy range, as well as coordinated management, science operations, data processing, and scientific analysis. Together, ISIS observations allow us to explore the mechanisms of energetic particles dynamics, including their: (1)\ O ... McComas, D.; Alexander, N.; Angold, N.; Bale, S.; Beebe, C.; Birdwell, B.; Boyle, M.; Burgum, J.; Burnham, J.; Christian, E.; Cook, W.; Cooper, S.; Cummings, A.; Davis, A.; Desai, M.; Dickinson, J.; Dirks, G.; Do, D.; Fox, N.; Giacalone, J.; Gold, R.; Gurnee, R.; Hayes, J.; Hill, M.; Kasper, J.; Kecman, B.; Klemic, J.; Krimigis, S.; Labrador, A.; Layman, R.; Leske, R.; Livi, S.; Matthaeus, W.; McNutt, R.; Mewaldt, R.; Mitchell, D.; Nelson, K.; Parker, C.; Rankin, J.; Roelof, E.; Schwadron, N.; Seifert, H.; Shuman, S.; Stokes, M.; Stone, E.; Vandegriff, J.; Velli, M.; von Rosenvinge, T.; Weidner, S.; Wiedenbeck, M.; Wilson, P.; Published by: Space Science Reviews Published on: 07/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-014-0059-1 CMEs; Corona; ISIS; Parker Data Used; Particle acceleration; SEPs; Solar energetic particles; Solar Probe Plus |
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VALIDITY OF THE TAYLOR HYPOTHESIS FOR LINEAR KINETIC WAVES IN THE WEAKLY COLLISIONAL SOLAR WIND The interpretation of single-point spacecraft measurements of solar wind turbulence is complicated by the fact that the measurements are made in a frame of reference in relative motion with respect to the turbulent plasma. The Taylor hypothesis\textemdashthat temporal fluctuations measured by a stationary probe in a rapidly flowing fluid are dominated by the advection of spatial structures in the fluid rest frame\textemdashis often assumed to simplify the analysis. But measurements of turbulence in upcoming missions, such ... Howes, G.; Klein, K.; TenBarge, J.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 07/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/106 Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; parker solar probe; Physics - Plasma Physics; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; turbulence |
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Five spacecraft-plasma models are used to simulate the interaction of a simplified geometry Solar Probe Plus (SPP) satellite with the space environment under representative solar wind conditions near perihelion. By considering similarities and differences between results obtained with different numerical approaches under well defined conditions, the consistency and validity of our models can be assessed. The impact on model predictions of physical effects of importance in the SPP mission is also considered by comparing re ... Marchand, R.; Miyake, Y.; Usui, H.; Deca, J.; Lapenta, G.; elez, J.; Ergun, R.; Sturner, A.; enot, V.; Hilgers, A.; Markidis, S.; Published by: Physics of Plasmas Published on: 06/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1063/1.4882439 |
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INBOUND WAVES IN THE SOLAR CORONA: A DIRECT INDICATOR OF ALFV\ EN SURFACE LOCATION The tenuous supersonic solar wind that streams from the top of the corona passes through a natural boundary\textemdashthe Alfv\ en surface\textemdashthat marks the causal disconnection of individual packets of plasma and magnetic flux from the Sun itself. The Alfv\ en surface is the locus where the radial motion of the accelerating solar wind passes the radial Alfv\ en speed, and therefore any displacement of material cannot carry information back down into the corona. It is thus the natural outer boundary of the solar co ... DeForest, C.; Howard, T.; McComas, D.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 06/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/124 Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: fundamental parameters; techniques: image processing |
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A semi-analytical foreshock model for energetic storm particle events inside 1 AU We have constructed a semi-analytical model of the energetic-ion foreshock of a CME-driven coronal/interplanetary shock wave responsible for the acceleration of large solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The model is based on the analytical model of diffusive shock acceleration of Bell (1978), appended with a temporal dependence of the cut-off momentum of the energetic particles accelerated at the shock, derived from the theory. Parameters of the model are re-calibrated using a fully time-dependent self-consistent simul ... Vainio, Rami; önni, Arttu; Battarbee, Markus; Koskinen, Hannu; Afanasiev, Alexandr; Laitinen, Timo; Published by: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate Published on: 02/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2014005 Energetic particle; Heliosphere; Interplanetary medium; parker solar probe; SEP; Shocks; Solar Probe Plus |
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An analysis of Alfv\ en radius based on sunspot number from 1749 to today The Solar Probe Plus mission now under construction will provide the first in situ measurements from inside the orbit of Mercury. The most critical part of that mission will be measurements from inside the Alfv\ en radius where the Alfv\ en speed exceeds the wind speed and the physics of the solar wind changes fundamentally due, in part, to the multidirectionality of wave propagation. In this region waves from both sunward and antisunward of the observation point can effect the local dynamics including the turbulent evolu ... Goelzer, Molly; Schwadron, Nathan; Smith, Charles; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: 01/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019420 interplanetary magnetic fields; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; solar wind acceleration |
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The Neutron, Gamma ray, and X-ray Spectrometer (NGXS) is a compact instrument designed to detect neutrons, gamma-rays, and hard X-rays. The original goal of NGXS was to detect and characterize neutrons, gamma-rays, and X-rays from the Sun as part of the Solar Probe Plus mission in order to provide direct insight into particle acceleration, magnetic reconnection, and cross-field transport processes that take place near the Sun. Based on high-energy neutron detections from prompt solar flares, it is estimated that the NGXS ... Lawrence, David; Feldman, William; Gold, Robert; Goldsten, John; McNutt, Ralph; Published by: Acta Astronautica Published on: 01/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.06.017 |
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Solar Probe Plus, scheduled to launch in 2018, is a NASA mission that will fly through the Sun s atmosphere for the first time. It will employ a combination of in situ plasma measurements and remote sensing imaging to achieve the mission s primary goal: to understand how the Sun s corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP) instrument suite consists of a Faraday cup and three electrostatic analyzers. In order to accomplish the science objectives, an encounter-ba ... Korreck, Kelly; Kasper, Justin; Case, Anthony; Daigneau, Peter; Bookbinder, Jay; Larson, Davin; Halekas, Jasper; Stevens, Michael; Ludlam, Michael; Marchant, Will; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1117/12.2057314 |
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Solar Probe Plus, scheduled to launch in 2018, is a NASA mission that will fly through the Sun\textquoterights atmosphere for the first time. It will employ a combination of in situ plasma measurements and remote sensing imaging to achieve the mission\textquoterights primary goal: to understand how the Sun\textquoterights corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP) instrument suite consists of a Faraday cup and three electrostatic analyzers. In order to accom ... Korreck, Kelly; Kasper, Justin; Case, Anthony; Daigneau, Peter; Bookbinder, Jay; Larson, Davin; Halekas, Jasper; Stevens, Michael; Ludlam, Micheal; Marchant, Will; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1117/12.2057314 |
| 2013 |
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In this paper, the electrostatic sheath of a simplified spacecraft is investigated for heliocentric distances varying from 0.044 to 1 AU, using the 3-D Particle in Cell software Satellite-Plasma Interaction System. The baseline context is the prediction of sheath effects on solar wind measurements for various missions, including the Solar Probe Plus mission (perihelion at 0.044 AU from the sun) and Solar Orbiter (SO) (perihelion at 0.28 AU). The electrostatic sheath and the spacecraft potential could interfere with the low-e ... Guillemant, Stanislas; Genot, Vincent; Velez, Jean-Charles; Sarrailh, Pierre; Hilgers, Alain; Louarn, Philippe; Published by: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE Published on: DEC YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2013.2246193 |
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Korendyke, Clarence; Vourlidas, Angelos; Plunkett, Simon; Howard, Russell; Wang, Dennis; Marshall, Cheryl; Waczynski, Augustyn; Janesick, James; Elliott, Thomas; Tun, Samuel; Tower, John; Grygon, Mark; Keller, David; Clifford, Gregory; Published by: Published on: 10/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1117/12.2027655 |
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Vourlidas, Angelos; Howard, Russell; Plunkett, Simon; Korendyke, Clarence; Carter, Michael; Thernisien, Arnaud; Chua, Damien; Van Duyne, Peter; Socker, Dennis; Linton, Mark; Liewer, Paulett; Hall, Jeffrey; Morrill, Jeff; DeJong, Eric; Mikic, Zoran; Rochus, Pierre; Bothmer, Volker; Rodman, Jens; Lamy, Philippe; Published by: Published on: 09/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1117/12.2027508 Heliospheric imager; Imaging; Parker Data Used; Solar corona; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Thomson scattering |
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The solar and space physics community has recently completed its second decadal survey under the auspices of the National Research Council. An integrated strategy for ground and space based studies of the Sun and space physics has been recommended, with specific recommendations made regarding new instrumentation, programs, and facilities. The ground based component of these recommendations is briefly reviewed here: the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), the Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR), and the Cor ... Published by: Published on: 07/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811080 95.55.Cs; 95.55.Ev; 95.55.Jz; 95.75.Hi; astronomical polarimetry; Ground-based ultraviolet optical and infrared telescopes; parker solar probe; photosphere; radioastronomy; radiotelescopes; Solar instruments; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind |
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We present a new data analysis method enabling the observation of magnetic field fluctuations associated with temperature anisotropy instabilities using the Ulysses spacecraft. The movement of the spacecraft away from the Sun causes the observed plasma conditions, turbulent fluctuation amplitude, magnetic field strength and important physical scales to change. We normalize wavelet power spectra of the magnetic field using local values for the proton gyroscale and large scale magnetic field fluctuation amplitude to remove ... Wicks, Robert; Matteini, Lorenzo; Horbury, Timothy; Hellinger, Petr; Roberts, Aaron; Published by: Published on: 07/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811048 96.50.Ci; 96.60.Hv; 96.60.Tf; 96.60.Vg; astrophysical plasma; data analysis; parker solar probe; plasma instability; solar magnetism; Solar Probe Plus; solar spectra; Solar wind; Solar wind plasma; sources of solar wind; wavelet transforms |
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Evolution of the Solar Flare Energetic Electrons in the Inhomogeneous Inner Heliosphere Solar flare accelerated electrons escaping into the interplanetary space and seen as type III solar radio bursts are often detected near the Earth. Using numerical simulations we consider the evolution of energetic electron spectrum in the inner heliosphere and near the Earth. The role of Langmuir wave generation, heliospheric plasma density fluctuations, and expansion of magnetic field lines on the electron peak flux and fluence spectra is studied to predict the electron properties as could be observed by Solar Orbiter a ... Published by: Solar Physics Published on: 07/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1007/s11207-012-0013-x Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; dynamics; Energetic particles; flares; parker solar probe; plasma; propagation; Radio bursts; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; type III; waves |
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Hypervelocity Impact Response of Ti-6Al-4V and Commercially Pure Titanium Titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, and commercially pure (CP) Titanium will be used to protect the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft against hypervelocity impacts by solar dust particles. The results of six hypervelocity impact (HVI) tests performed on Ti-6Al-4V and CP monolithic samples (3 each) arc evaluated in terms of cratering and spall damage, and compared with crater depth and spall initiation predictions using the Ballistic Limit Equation (BLE) for Titanium shields developed at NASA Johnson Space Center and hydrocode computa ... Iyer, Kaushik; Poormon, Kevin; Deacon, Ryan; Mehoke, Douglas; Swaminathan, P.; Brown, Robert; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.05.016 |
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AIP Conference ProceedingsDesigning a sun-pointing Faraday cup for solar probe plus The NASA Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission will be the first spacecraft to pass through the sub-Alfv\ enic solar corona. The objectives of the mission are to trace the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the solar corona and solar wind, to determine the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind, and to explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles. The Solar Wind Electrons, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) Investigation instrument suite on SPP will measu ... Case, A.; Kasper, J.; Daigneau, P.; Caldwell, D.; Freeman, M.; Gauron, T.; Maruca, B.; Bookbinder, J.; Korreck, K.; Cirtain, J.; Effinger, M.; Halekas, J.; Larson, D.; Lazarus, A.; Stevens, M.; Taylor, E.; Wright, K.; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811083 |
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Mechanical Design of the Solar Probe Cup instrument on Solar Probe Plus The Solar Probe Cup (SPC) Instrument is a Sun-facing Faraday Cup instrument slated for launch aboard the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft in 2018. SPC is one of two instruments onboard the Solar Wind Electrons Alphas Protons (SWEAP) instrument suite and is the only SPP charged particle instrument that will not be shielded behind the spacecraft s Thermal Protection System (TPS). The 7-year SPP mission will take SPC on 24 solar encounters at perihelia ranging from 35 to 9.86 solar radii (R-S). The SPC components will encounte ... Bergner, H.; Caldwell, D.; Case, A.; Daigneau, P.; Freeman, M.; Kasper, J.; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1117/12.2022761 |
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This paper describes the implementation of a solar simulator, know as the Solar Environment Simulator (SES), that can simulate solar flux levels up to those encountered at 9.8 solar radii. The paper outlines the design, and the challenges of realizing the SES. It also describes its initial uses for proving out the design of the Solar Winds Electrons, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) Faraday cup. The upcoming Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission requires that its in-situ plasma instrument (the Faraday Cup) survive and operate over an un ... Cheimets, Peter; Bookbinder, Jay; Freeman, Mark; Gates, Richard; Gauron, Thomas; Guth, Giora; Kasper, Justin; McCracken, Kenneth; Podgorski, William; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1117/12.2024051 |
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Technology development for the Solar Probe Plus Faraday Cup The upcoming Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission requires novel approaches for in-situ plasma instrument design. SPP s Solar Probe Cup (SPC) instrument will, as part of the Solar Wind Electrons, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) instrument suite, operate over an enormous range of temperatures, yet must still accurately measure currents below 1 pico-amp, and with modest power requirements. This paper discusses some of the key technology development aspects of the SPC, a Faraday Cup and one of the few instruments on SPP that is directly ... Freeman, Mark; Kasper, Justin; Case, Anthony; Daigneau, Peter; Gauron, Thomas; Bookbinder, Jay; Brodu, Etienne; Balat-Pichelin, Marianne; Wright, Kenneth; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1117/12.2024983 |
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Selection of Critical Design Parameters for MMOD Protection in Interplanetary Missions This paper presents a methodology for the selection of critical design-parameters for the design of Micro Meteoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) spacecraft protection based on a modified implementation of the concept of the Probability of No Impact (PNI). The PNI methodology, based on Poisson s discrete statistics, has been widely used to determine critical particle sizes for the design of protection systems. However, it does not provide guidelines for the selection of the design impact speed, especially when the impact speed h ... Carrasco, Cesar; Mendez, Sergio; Mehoke, Douglas; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.05.066 |
| 2012 |
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Solar wind plasma interaction with solar probe plus spacecraft 3-D PIC (Particle In Cell) simulations of spacecraft-plasma interactions in the solar wind context of the Solar Probe Plus mission are presented. The SPIS software is used to simulate a simplified probe in the near-Sun environment (at a distance of 0.044 AU or 9.5 RS from the Sun surface). We begin this study with a cross comparison of SPIS with another PIC code, aiming at providing the static potential structure surrounding a spacecraft in a high photoelectron environment. This paper presents then a s ... Guillemant, S.; enot, V.; elez, J.-C.; Ergun, R.; Louarn, P.; Published by: Annales Geophysicae Published on: 07/24/2012 YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-30-1075-2012 |
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A method to estimate the total fluence of solar flare neutrons at a spacecraft traveling in the innermost part of the heliosphere (at heliocentric radial distances of \<1 AU) is presented. The results of the neutron production and emissivity codes of Hua and Lingenfelter (1987a, 1987b) scaled to one of the largest solar neutron events ever observed at the Earth are used to derive a conservative estimate of the energy spectrum of neutrons emitted from the Sun after a large solar flare. By taking into account the surviva ... Published by: Space Weather Published on: 03/2012 YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1029/2011SW000732 and Astronomy: Flares; and Astronomy: General or miscellaneous; and Astronomy: X-rays; and neutrinos; Astrophysics; gamma rays; parker solar probe; Solar Physics; Solar Probe Plus |
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A 2.5D numerical plasma model of the interaction of the solar wind (SW) with the Solar Probe Plus spacecraft (SPPSC) is presented. These results should be interpreted as a basic plasma model derived from the SW interaction with the spacecraft (SC), which could have consequences for both plasma wave and electron plasma measurements on board the SC in the inner heliosphere. Compression waves and electric field jumps with amplitudes of about 1.5 V/m and (12-18) V/m were also observed. A strong polarization electric field was ... Lipatov, Alexander; Sittler, Edward; Hartle, Richard; Cooper, John; Published by: Planetary and Space Science Published on: 03/2012 YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2011.12.008 Alfv\ en waves; Induced magnetospheres; Magnetic barrier; Parker Data Used; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Spacecraft; Whistlers |
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A simple 3D plasma instrument with an electrically adjustable geometric factor for space research We report on the design and experimental verification of a novel charged particle detector and an energy spectrometer with variable geometric factor functionality. Charged particle populations in the inner heliosphere create fluxes that can vary over many orders of magnitude in flux intensity. Space missions that plan to observe plasma fluxes, for example when travelling close to the Sun or to a planetary magnetosphere, require rapid particle measurements over the full three-dimensional velocity distribution. Traditionall ... Rohner, U; Saul, L; Wurz, P; Allegrini, F; Scheer, J; McComas, D; Published by: Measurement Science and Technology Published on: 02/2012 YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/23/2/025901 |
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The Solar Probe Plus (SP+) mission will approach the Sun as close as 9.5 solar radii in order to understand the origin of the solar corona heating and the acceleration of the solar wind. Submitted to such extreme environmental conditions, a thermal protection system is considered to protect the payload of the SP+ spacecraft. Carbon-based materials are good candidate to fulfill this role and critical point remains the equilibrium temperature reached at perihelion by the heat shield. In this paper, experimental results obta ... Balat-Pichelin, M.; Eck, J.; Sans, J.L.; Published by: Applied Surface Science Published on: 01/2012 YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.10.142 Carbon material; High temperature; Ion etching; Parker Data Used; Solar Probe Plus; Thermal radiative properties; VUV radiation |
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Injection and Acceleration of Charged Nano-Dust Particles from Sungrazing Comets It is proposed that the high-speed nanodust detected by the plasma wave instrument on the STEREO spacecraft could have an origin from the sungrazing comets. Trajectory calculations are performed using a simple analytical coronal magnetic field model to explore the dynamical nature of such charged nanodust in the vicinity of the solar corona. The relevance of this very near-solar source mechanism of nanodust and pickup ions to the Solar Probe Plus mission is also discussed. Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1063/1.4723586 |
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Estimating Upper Limits of Solar Flare Hard X-Ray Fluences for Space Missions Near the Sun We present a method to estimate an upper limit of the mission integrated fluence of hard X-rays (HXRs) produced by solar flares for a probe traveling at heliocentric distances R<1 AU. By using (1) the number and peak of both soft X-ray (SXR) flares and microwave (MW) solar bursts observed during the last three solar cycles, (2) either frequency distributions of HXR flare parameters, or correlations between the HXR fluence and the SXR flare class or the MW burst flux intensity, and (3) virtual launches of the probe at differe ... Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1063/1.4768741 |
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Use of Hydrocode Modeling to Develop Advanced MMOD Shielding Designs A multi-physics computations-based methodology for space debris hypervelocity impact (HVI) damage mitigation is presented. Specifically, improved debris mitigation through development of innovative, lightweight structural designs is described. The methodology has been applied to the design of the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft to mitigate extreme solar microdust hypervelocity impacts (50-300 km/s) by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). The methodology combines hydrocode computations of the c ... Iyer, Kaushik; Mehoke, Douglas; Brown, Robert; Swaminathan, P.; Carrasco, Cesar; Batra, Romesh; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2012.6187075 |
| 2011 |
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Concentrated Solar Energy to Study High Temperature Materials for Space and Energy In this paper, the concentrated solar energy is used as a source of high temperatures to study the physical and chemical behaviors and intrinsic properties of refractory materials. The atmospheres surrounding the materials have to be simulated in experimental reactors to characterize the materials in real environments. Several application fields are concerned such as the aerospace and the energy fields: examples of results will be given for the heat shield of the Solar Probe Plus mission (NASA) for the SiC/SiC material that ... Charpentier, Ludovic; Dawi, Kamel; Eck, Julien; Pierrat, Baptiste; Sans, Jean-Louis; Balat-Pichelin, Marianne; Published by: JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Published on: AUG YEAR: 2011 DOI: 10.1115/1.4004241 |
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A method to estimate both solar energetic particle mission-integrated fluences and solar energetic particle peak intensities for missions traveling through the innermost part of the heliosphere (r \< 1 AU) is presented. By using (1) an extensive data set of particle intensities measured at 1 AU over the last three solar cycles, (2) successive launch dates for the mission traveling close to the Sun over the time interval spanned by our data set, and (3) appropriate radial dependences to extrapolate fluences and peak int ... Published by: Space Weather Published on: 11/2011 YEAR: 2011 DOI: 10.1029/2011SW000708 Interplanetary Physics: Energetic particles (7514); Interplanetary Physics: Instruments and techniques; Interplanetary Physics: Solar cycle variations (7536); Parker Data Used; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; space weather |
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CORONAL PLUMES IN THE FAST SOLAR WIND The expansion of a coronal hole filled with a discrete number of higher density coronal plumes is simulated using a time-dependent two-dimensional code. A solar wind model including an exponential coronal heating function and a flux of Alfv\ en waves propagating both inside and outside the structures is taken as a basic state. Different plasma plume profiles are obtained by using different scale heights for the heating rates. Remote sensing and solar wind in situ observations are used to constrain the parameter range of t ... Velli, Marco; Lionello, Roberto; Linker, Jon; c, Zoran; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 07/2011 YEAR: 2011 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/32 parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: heliosphere |
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The aim of the Solar Probe Plus (SP+) mission is to understand how the solar corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. To achieve these goals, in situ measurements are necessary and the spacecraft has to approach the Sun as close as 9.5 solar radii. This trajectory induces extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures and intense Vacuum Ultraviolet radiation (VUV). To protect the measurement and communication instruments, a heat shield constituted of a carbon material is placed on the top of the ... Eck, J.; Sans, J.-L.; Balat-Pichelin, M.; Published by: Applied Surface Science Published on: 02/2011 YEAR: 2011 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.139 |
| 2010 |
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Solar Probe Plus: Mission design challenges and trades NASA plans to launch the first mission to the Sun, named Solar Probe Plus, as early as 2015, after a comprehensive feasibility study that significantly changed the original Solar Probe mission concept. The original Solar Probe mission concept, based on a Jupiter gravity assist trajectory, was no longer feasible under the new guidelines given to the mission. A complete redesign of the mission was required, which called for developing alternative trajectories that excluded a flyby of Jupiter. Without the very powerful gravi ... Published by: Acta Astronautica Published on: 11/2010 YEAR: 2010 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.007 |
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Scaling the energy conversion rate from magnetic field reconnection to different bodies Magnetic field reconnection is often invoked to explain electromagnetic energy conversion in planetary magnetospheres, stellar coronae, and other astrophysical objects. Because of the huge dynamic range of magnetic fields in these bodies, it is important to understand energy conversion as a function of magnetic field strength and related parameters. It is conjectured theoretically and shown experimentally that the energy conversion rate per unit area in reconnection scales as the cube of an appropriately weighted magnetic ... Published by: Physics of Plasmas Published on: 10/2010 YEAR: 2010 DOI: 10.1063/1.3504224 95.30.Qd; astrophysical plasma; magnetic reconnection; parker solar probe; planetary magnetism; plasma magnetohydrodynamics; solar flares; solar magnetism; Solar Probe Plus |
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Spacecraft charging and ion wake formation in the near-Sun environment A three-dimensional, self-consistent code is employed to solve for the static potential structure surrounding a spacecraft in a high photoelectron environment. The numerical solutions show that, under certain conditions, a spacecraft can take on a negative potential in spite of strong photoelectron currents. The negative potential is due to an electrostatic barrier near the surface of the spacecraft that can reflect a large fraction of the photoelectron flux back to the spacecraft. This electrostatic barrier forms if (1) ... Ergun, R.; Malaspina, D.; Bale, S.; McFadden, J.; Larson, D.; Mozer, F.; Meyer-Vernet, N.; Maksimovic, M.; Kellogg, P.; Wygant, J.; Published by: Physics of Plasmas Published on: 07/2010 YEAR: 2010 DOI: 10.1063/1.3457484 52.25.-b; 52.30.-q; 94.05.Jq; parker solar probe; plasma density; plasma flow; Solar Probe Plus; space vehicles; spacecraft charging; Spacecraft sheaths wakes and charging; static electrification |
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THE SOLAR PROBE PLUS SOLAR ARRAY DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN The Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft will orbit as closely as 9.5 solar radii from the sun; so close that its thermal protection shield (TPS) will reach a peak temperature of 1,400C. To work in this environment, the solar array will use pressurized water cooling and operate in the penumbra formed by the TPS at a 68 degrees angle of incidence. Even with these mitigations, the array will be subject to extremely high intensity and temperature. This paper will summarize the array s environment, present a preliminary design, out ... Gaddy, Edward; Decker, Rob; Lockwood, Mary; Roufberg, Lew; Knutzen, Gayle; Marsh, Danielle; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2010 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5617077 |
| 1986 |
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Sapphire Photocurrent Sources and Their Impact on RAM Upset This paper reports on the transient photocurrent measurements made with test structures fabricated on sapphire substrates, and the computer simulation model which was developed to use the test results. Predictions of logic upset for a 4 K RAM CMOS/SOS compared with measured upset rates showed agreement within a factor of 2. The test structure results indicate that the sapphire photoconductance is 6.3 x 10 to the -19th mhos/(rads/s)-micron. The use of this value in the present simulation model will increase the predicted u ... Brucker, G.; Herbert, J.; Stewart, R.; Plus, D.; Published by: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Published on: 12/1986 YEAR: 1986 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.1986.4334608 CMOS; Electric Current; Electronics and Electrical Engineering; Logic Circuits; parker solar probe; Photoconductivity; Radiation Damage; Random Access Memory; Sapphire; Solar Probe Plus; Sos (Semiconductors) |
