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Found 227 entries in the Bibliography.
Showing entries from 101 through 150
2021 |
The first widespread solar energetic particle event observed by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 29 Context. On 2020 November 29, the first widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25 was observed at four widely separated locations in the inner (\ensuremath\lesssim1 AU) heliosphere. Relativistic electrons as well as protons with energies > 50 MeV were observed by Solar Orbiter (SolO), Parker Solar Probe, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A and multiple near- Earth spacecraft. The SEP event was associated with an M4.4 class X-ray flare and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection and a ... Kollhoff, A.; Kouloumvakos, A.; Lario, D.; Dresing, N.; omez-Herrero, R.; ia, Rodr\; Malandraki, O.~E.; Richardson, I.~G.; Posner, A.; Klein, K.; Pacheco, D.; Klassen, A.; Heber, B.; Cohen, C.~M.~S.; Laitinen, T.; Cernuda, I.; Dalla, S.; Lara, Espinosa; Vainio, R.; Köberle, M.; Kühl, R.; Xu, Z.~G.; Berger, L.; Eldrum, S.; Brüdern, M.; Laurenza, M.; Kilpua, E.~J.; Aran, A.; Rouillard, A.~P.; ik, Bu\vc\; Wijsen, N.; Pomoell, J.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.~F.; Martin, C.; Böttcher, S.~I.; von Forstner, J.~L.; Terasa, J.; Boden, S.; Kulkarni, S.~R.; Ravanbakhsh, A.; Yedla, M.; Janitzek, N.; iguez-Pacheco, Rodr\; Mateo, Prieto; Prieto, S.; Espada, Parra; Polo, Rodr\; in, Mart\; Carcaboso, F.; Mason, G.~M.; Ho, G.~C.; Allen, R.~C.; Andrews, Bruce; Schlemm, C.~E.; Seifert, H.; Tyagi, K.; Lees, W.~J.; Hayes, J.; Bale, S.~D.; Krupar, V.; Horbury, T.~S.; Angelini, V.; Evans, V.; Brien, H.; Maksimovic, M.; Khotyaintsev, Yu.; Vecchio, A.; Steinvall, K.; Asvestari, E.; Published by: \aap Published on: dec YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140937 Parker Data Used; Sun: particle emission; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Interplanetary medium |
Context. Solar Orbiter was launched on 10 February 2020 with the purpose of investigating solar and heliospheric physics using a payload of instruments designed for both remote and in situ studies. Similar to the recently launched Parker Solar Probe, and unlike earlier missions, Solar Orbiter carries instruments designed to measure low-frequency DC electric fields. \ Aims: In this paper, we assess the quality of the low-frequency DC electric field measured by the Radio and Plasma Waves instrument (RPW) on Solar Orbiter. In p ... Steinvall, K.; Khotyaintsev, Yu.; Cozzani, G.; Vaivads, A.; Yordanova, E.; Eriksson, A.~I.; Edberg, N.~J.~T.; Maksimovic, M.; Bale, S.~D.; Chust, T.; Krasnoselskikh, V.; Kretzschmar, M.; Lorfèvre, E.; Plettemeier, D.; Sou\vcek, J.; Steller, M.; ak, \vS.; Vecchio, A.; Horbury, T.~S.; Brien, H.; Evans, V.; Fedorov, A.; Louarn, P.; enot, V.; e, Andr\; Lavraud, B.; Rouillard, A.~P.; Owen, C.~J.; Published by: \aap Published on: dec YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140855 Parker Data Used; Solar wind; plasmas; magnetic reconnection; methods: data analysis; Physics - Space Physics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Plasma Physics |
Turbulence transport in the solar corona: Theory, modeling, and Parker Solar Probe A primary goal of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Mission is to answer the outstanding question of how the solar corona plasma is heated to the high temperatures needed for the acceleration of the solar wind. Various heating mechanisms have been suggested, but one that is gaining increasing credence is associated with the dissipation of low frequency magnetohyrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. However, the MHD turbulence models come in several flavors: one in which outwardly propagating Alfv\ en waves experience reflection from the la ... Zank, G.~P.; Zhao, L.; Adhikari, L.; Telloni, D.; Kasper, J.~C.; Bale, S.~D.; Published by: Physics of Plasmas Published on: aug YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1063/5.0055692 |
The Formation and Lifetime of Outflows in a Solar Active Region Active regions are thought to be one contributor to the slow solar wind. Upflows in EUV coronal spectral lines are routinely observed at their boundaries, and provide the most direct way for upflowing material to escape into the heliosphere. The mechanisms that form and drive these upflows, however, remain to be fully characterized. It is unclear how quickly they form, or how long they exist during their lifetimes. They could be initiated low in the atmosphere during magnetic flux emergence, or as a response to processes occ ... Brooks, David; Harra, Louise; Bale, Stuart; Barczynski, Krzysztof; Mandrini, Cristina; Polito, Vanessa; Warren, Harry; Published by: \apj Published on: aug YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0917 Solar Physics; Slow solar wind; Solar active regions; Solar energetic particles; 1476; 1873; 1974; 1491; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Parker Data Used |
Near-Sun Switchback Boundaries: Dissipation with Solar Distance The most surprising result from the first solar encounters by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) is the large amount of brief magnetic field reversals often referred to as switchbacks. Switchbacks have previously been observed further downstream in the solar wind by spacecraft such as Helios 2 at 62 R$_s$ from the Sun. However, these observations lack a distinct proton temperature increase detected inside switchbacks by PSP, implying that they are evolving over time to eventually reach a pressure balance at the switchback boundari ... Rasca, Anthony; Farrell, William; MacDowall, Robert; Bale, Stuart; Kasper, Justin; Published by: \apj Published on: aug YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac079f The Sun; Solar wind; Solar Physics; 1693; 1534; 1476; Parker Data Used |
We present a statistical analysis for the characteristics and spatial evolution of the interplanetary discontinuities (IDs) in the solar wind, from 0.13-0.9 au, by using the Parker Solar Probe measurements on Orbits 4 and 5. We collected 3948 IDs, including 2511 rotational discontinuities (RDs) and 557 tangential discontinuities (TDs), with the remnant unidentified. The statistical results show that (1) the ID occurrence rate decreases from 200 events per day at 0.13 au to 1 event per day at 0.9 au, following a spatial scali ... Liu, Y.~Y.; Fu, H.~S.; Cao, J.~B.; Liu, C.~M.; Wang, Z.; Guo, Z.~Z.; Xu, Y.; Bale, S.~D.; Kasper, J.~C.; Published by: \apj Published on: aug YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac06a1 Interplanetary discontinuities; Solar wind; interplanetary magnetic fields; Magnetohydrodynamics; 820; 1534; 824; 1964; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Context. The recent launches of Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter (SO), and BepiColombo, along with several older spacecraft, have provided the opportunity to study the solar wind at multiple latitudes and distances from the Sun simultaneously. \ Aims: We take advantage of this unique spacecraft constellation, along with low solar activity across two solar rotations between May and July 2020, to investigate how the solar wind structure, including the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), varies with latitude. \ Methods: We visua ... Laker, R.; Horbury, T.~S.; Bale, S.~D.; Matteini, L.; Woolley, T.; Woodham, L.~D.; Stawarz, J.~E.; Davies, E.~E.; Eastwood, J.~P.; Owens, M.~J.; Brien, H.; Evans, V.; Angelini, V.; Richter, I.; Heyner, D.; Owen, C.~J.; Louarn, P.; Fedorov, A.; Published by: \aap Published on: aug YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140679 Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Solar wind; Sun: heliosphere; Physics - Space Physics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Parker Data Used |
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission presents a unique opportunity to study the near-Sun solar wind closer than any previous spacecraft. During its fourth and fifth solar encounters, PSP had the same orbital trajectory, meaning that solar wind was measured at the same latitudes and radial distances. We identify two streams measured at the same heliocentric distance (\raisebox-0.5ex\textasciitilde0.13au) and latitude (\raisebox-0.5ex\textasciitilde-3.5$^○$) across these encounters to reduce spatial evolution effects. By com ... Woolley, Thomas; Matteini, Lorenzo; McManus, Michael; Ber\vci\vc, Laura; Badman, Samuel; Woodham, Lloyd; Horbury, Timothy; Bale, Stuart; Laker, Ronan; Stawarz, Julia; Larson, Davin; Published by: \mnras Published on: aug YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2281 Sun: heliosphere; Solar wind; magnetic fields; Parker Data Used |
Time evolution of stream interaction region energetic particle spectra in the inner heliosphere We analyze an energetic proton event associated with a stream interaction region (SIR) that was observed at Parker Solar Probe on day 320 of 2018 when the spacecraft was just 0.34 AU from the Sun. Using the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun instrument suite, we perform a spectral analysis of the event and show how the observed spectra evolve over the course of the event. We find that the spectra from the first day of the event are much more consistent with local acceleration at a weak compression, while spectra fro ... Joyce, C.; McComas, D.; Schwadron, N.; Christian, E.; Wiedenbeck, M.; McNutt, R.; Cohen, C.; Leske, R.; Mewaldt, R.; Stone, E.; Labrador, A.; Davis, A.; Cummings, A.; Mitchell, D.; Hill, M.; Roelof, E.; Allen, R.; Szalay, J.; Rankin, J.; Desai, M.; Giacalone, J.; Matthaeus, W.; Bale, S.; Kasper, J.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039330 acceleration of particles; Solar wind; magnetic fields; Parker Data Used |
Energetic particle behavior in near-Sun magnetic field switchbacks from PSP Context. The observation of numerous magnetic switchbacks and associated plasma jets in Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during its first five orbits, particularly near the Sun, has attracted considerable attention. Switchbacks have been found to be systematically associated with correlated reversals in the direction of the propagation of Alfvénic fluctuations, as well as similar reversals of the electron strahl. Bandyopadhyay, R.; Matthaeus, W.; McComas, D.; Joyce, C.; Szalay, J.; Christian, E.; Giacalone, J.; Schwadron, N.; Mitchell, D.; Hill, M.; McNutt, R.; Desai, M.; Bale, S.; Bonnell, J.; de Wit, Dudok; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; MacDowall, R.; Malaspina, D.; Pulupa, M.; Kasper, J.; Stevens, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039800 Solar wind; magnetic fields; plasmas; turbulence; instabilities; waves; Parker Data Used |
Context. Recent studies of the solar wind sunward of 0.25 AU reveal that it contains quiescent regions, with low-amplitude plasma and magnetic field fluctuations, and a magnetic field direction similar to the Parker spiral. The quiescent regions are thought to have a more direct magnetic connection to the solar corona than other types of solar wind, suggesting that waves or instabilities in the quiescent regions are indicative of the early evolution of the solar wind as it escapes the corona. The quiescent solar wind regions ... Malaspina, D.; Wilson, L.; Ergun, R.; Bale, S.; Bonnell, J.; Goodrich, K.; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; MacDowall, R.; Pulupa, M.; Halekas, J.; Case, A.; Kasper, J.; Larson, D.; Stevens, M.; Whittlesey, P.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140449 |
Parker Solar Probe observations of He/H abundance variations in SEP events inside 0.5 au
Cohen, C.; Christian, E.; Cummings, A.; Davis, A.; Desai, M.; de Nolfo, G.; Giacalone, J.; Hill, M.; Joyce, C.; Labrador, A.; Leske, R.; Matthaeus, W.; McComas, D.; McNutt, R.; Mewaldt, R.; Mitchell, D.; Mitchell, J.; Rankin, J.; Roelof, E.; Schwadron, N.; Stone, E.; Szalay, J.; Wiedenbeck, M.; Vourlidas, A.; Bale, S.; Pulupa, M.; MacDowall, R.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039299 Sun: particle emission; Sun: activity; solar-terrestrial relations; Parker Data Used |
The contribution of alpha particles to the solar wind angular momentum flux in the inner heliosphere Context. An accurate assessment of the Sun s angular momentum (AM) loss rate is an independent constraint for models that describe the rotation evolution of Sun-like stars. Finley, A.; McManus, M.; Matt, S.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Case, A.; Stevens, M.; Whittlesey, P.; Larson, D.; Livi, R.; Bale, S.; de Wit, Dudok; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; MacDowall, R.; Malaspina, D.; Pulupa, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039288 Solar wind; stars: evolution; stars: winds; outflows; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Parker Data Used |
Prevalence of magnetic reconnection in the near-Sun heliospheric current sheet During three of its first five orbits around the Sun, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) crossed the large-scale heliospheric current sheet (HCS) multiple times and provided unprecedented detailed plasma and field observations of the near-Sun HCS. We report the common detections by PSP of reconnection exhaust signatures in the HCS at heliocentric distances of 29.5-107 solar radii during encounters 1, 4, and 5. Both sunward and antisunward-directed reconnection exhausts were observed. In the sunward reconnection exhausts, PSP detected ... Phan, T.; Lavraud, B.; Halekas, J.; Øieroset, M.; Drake, J.; Eastwood, J.; Shay, M.; Pyakurel, P.; Bale, S.; Larson, D.; Livi, R.; Whittlesey, P.; Rahmati, A.; Pulupa, M.; McManus, M.; Verniero, J.; Bonnell, J.; Schwadron, N.; Stevens, M.; Case, A.; Kasper, J.; MacDowall, R.; Szabo, P.; Koval, A.; Korreck, K.; de Wit, Dudok; Malaspina, D.; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039863 Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: heliosphere; Solar wind; Sun: flares; Parker Data Used |
Detection of small magnetic flux ropes from the third and fourth Parker Solar Probe encounters Context. Zhao, L.; Zank, G.; Hu, Q.; Telloni, D.; Chen, Y.; Adhikari, L.; Nakanotani, M.; Kasper, J.; Huang, J.; Bale, S.; Korreck, K.; Case, A.; Stevens, M.; Bonnell, J.; de Wit, Dudok; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; MacDowall, R.; Malaspina, D.; Pulupa, M.; Larson, D.; Livi, R.; Whittlesey, P.; Klein, K.; Raouafi, N.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039298 Solar wind; Sun: magnetic fields; turbulence; methods: observational; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Wave-particle energy transfer directly observed in an ion cyclotron wave Context. The first studies with Parker Solar Probe (PSP) data have made significant progress toward understanding of the fundamental properties of ion cyclotron waves in the inner heliosphere. The survey mode particle measurements of PSP, however, did not make it possible to measure the coupling between electromagnetic fields and particles on the time scale of the wave periods. Vech, D.; Martinovic, M.; Klein, K.; Malaspina, D.; Bowen, T.; Verniero, J.; Paulson, K.; de Wit, Dudok; Kasper, J.; Huang, J.; Stevens, M.; Case, A.; Korreck, K.; Mozer, F.; Goodrich, K.; Bale, S.; Whittlesey, P.; Livi, R.; Larson, D.; Pulupa, M.; Bonnell, J.; Harvey, P.; Goetz, K.; MacDowall, R.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039296 Solar wind; waves; turbulence; Physics - Space Physics; Physics - Plasma Physics; Parker Data Used |
Jagarlamudi, V.; de Wit, Dudok; Froment, C.; Krasnoselskikh, V.; Larosa, A.; Bercic, L.; Agapitov, O.; Halekas, J.; Kretzschmar, M.; Malaspina, D.; Moncuquet, M.; Bale, S.; Case, A.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Larson, D.; Pulupa, M.; Stevens, M.; Whittlesey, P.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039808 waves; scattering; plasmas; Sun: heliosphere; magnetic fields; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Alfvenic versus non-Alfvenic turbulence in the inner heliosphere as observed by Parker Solar Probe Context. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) measures the magnetic field and plasma parameters of the solar wind at unprecedentedly close distances to the Sun. These data provide great opportunities to study the early-stage evolution of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the solar wind. Shi, C.; Velli, M.; Panasenco, O.; Tenerani, A.; eville, V.; Bale, S.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Bonnell, J.; de Wit, Dudok; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; MacDowall, R.; Pulupa, M.; Case, A.; Larson, D.; Verniero, J.; Livi, R.; Stevens, M.; al., et; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039818" |
The active region source of a type III radio storm observed by Parker Solar Probe during encounter 2 Context. We investigated the source of a type III radio burst storm during encounter 2 of NASA s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. Harra, L.; Brooks, D.; Bale, S.; Mandrini, C.; Barczynski, K.; Sharma, R.; Badman, S.; Domínguez, Vargas; Pulupa, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039514 Sun: corona; Solar wind; Sun: radio radiation; Sun: abundances; Sun: atmosphere; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Context. Periodicities have frequently been reported across many wavelengths in the solar corona. Correlated periods of ~5 min, comparable to solar p-modes, are suggestive of coupling between the photosphere and the corona. Cattell, Cynthia; Glesener, Lindsay; Leiran, Benjamin; Dombeck, John; Goetz, Keith; Oliveros, Juan; Badman, Samuel; Pulupa, Marc; Bale, Stuart; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039510 Sun: radio radiation; Sun: corona; Sun: X-rays; gamma rays; Sun: oscillations; magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Context. The first encounters of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) with the Sun revealed the presence of ubiquitous localised magnetic deflections in the inner heliosphere; these structures, often called switchbacks, are particularly striking in solar wind streams originating from coronal holes. Froment, C.; Krasnoselskikh, V.; de Wit, Dudok; Agapitov, O.; Fargette, N.; Lavraud, B.; Larosa, A.; Kretzschmar, M.; Jagarlamudi, V.; Velli, M.; Malaspina, D.; Whittlesey, P.; Bale, S.; Case, A.; Goetz, K.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Larson, D.; MacDowall, R.; Mozer, F.; Pulupa, M.; Revillet, C.; Stevens, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039806 Sun: heliosphere; Solar wind; magnetic fields; magnetic reconnection; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Switchbacks: statistical properties and deviations from Alfvénicity Context. Parker Solar Probe s first solar encounter has revealed the presence of sudden magnetic field deflections in the slow Alfvénic solar wind. These structures, which are often called switchbacks, are associated with proton velocity enhancements. Larosa, A.; Krasnoselskikh, V.; de Wit, Dudok; Agapitov, O.; Froment, C.; Jagarlamudi, V.; Velli, M.; Bale, S.; Case, A.; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Larson, D.; MacDowall, R.; Malaspina, D.; Pulupa, M.; Revillet, C.; Stevens, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039442 Solar wind; magnetic fields; waves; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics; Parker Data Used |
Discontinuity analysis of the leading switchback transition regions Context. Magnetic switchbacks are magnetic structures characterized as intervals of sudden reversal in the radial component of the pristine solar wind s magnetic field. Switchbacks comprise of magnetic spikes that are preceded and succeeded by switchback transition regions within which the radial magnetic field reverses. Determining switchback generation and evolution mechanisms will further our understanding of the global circulation and transportation of the Sun s open magnetic flux. Akhavan-Tafti, M.; Kasper, J.; Huang, J.; Bale, S.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039508 magnetic reconnection; magnetic fields; Solar wind; methods: data analysis; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); instabilities; Parker Data Used |
The low frequency cutoffs flo and the observed plasma frequency fp of 176 type III radio bursts are investigated in this paper. These events are observed by the Parker Solar Probe when it is in the encounter phase from the first to the fifth orbit. The result shows that the distribution of cutoffs flo is widely spread between 200 kHz and 1.6 MHz. While the plasma frequency fp at the spacecraft is between 50 and 250 kHz, which is almost all smaller than flo. The result al ... Ma, Bing; Chen, Ling; Wu, Dejin; Bale, Stuart; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 05/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abfb77 Interplanetary physics; Solar radio emission; 827; 1522; Parker Data Used |
The first radial alignment between Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter spacecraft is used to investigate the evolution of solar wind turbulence in the inner heliosphere. Assuming ballistic propagation, two 1.5 hr intervals are tentatively identified as providing measurements of the same plasma parcels traveling from 0.1 to 1 au. Using magnetic field measurements from both spacecraft, the properties of turbulence in the two intervals are assessed. Magnetic spectral density, flatness, and high-order moment scaling laws are ca ... Telloni, Daniele; Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Woodham, Lloyd; Panasenco, Olga; Velli, Marco; Carbone, Francesco; Zank, Gary; Bruno, Roberto; Perrone, Denise; Nakanotani, Masaru; Shi, Chen; Amicis, Raffaella; De Marco, Rossana; Jagarlamudi, Vamsee; Steinvall, Konrad; Marino, Raffaele; Adhikari, Laxman; Zhao, Lingling; Liang, Haoming; Tenerani, Anna; Laker, Ronan; Horbury, Timothy; Bale, Stuart; Pulupa, Marc; Malaspina, David; MacDowall, Robert; Goetz, Keith; de Wit, Thierry; Harvey, Peter; Kasper, Justin; Korreck, Kelly; Larson, Davin; Case, Anthony; Stevens, Michael; Whittlesey, Phyllis; Livi, Roberto; Owen, Christopher; Livi, Stefano; Louarn, Philippe; Antonucci, Ester; Romoli, Marco; Brien, Helen; Evans, Vincent; Angelini, Virginia; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 05/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abf7d1 Parker Data Used; Magnetohydrodynamics; Alfven waves; Space plasmas; interplanetary turbulence; Solar wind; 1964; 23; 1544; 830; 1534 |
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) routinely observes magnetic field deflections in the solar wind at distances less than 0.3 au from the Sun. These deflections are related to structures commonly called "switchbacks" (SBs), whose origins and characteristic properties are currently debated. Here, we use a database of visually selected SB intervals—and regions of solar wind plasma measured just before and after each SB—to examine plasma parameters, turbulent spectra from inertial to dissipation scales, and intermittency ... Martinovic, Mihailo; Klein, Kristopher; Huang, Jia; Chandran, Benjamin; Kasper, Justin; Lichko, Emily; Bowen, Trevor; Chen, Christopher; Matteini, Lorenzo; Stevens, Michael; Case, Anthony; Bale, Stuart; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 05/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abebe5 Parker Data Used; Space plasmas; interplanetary turbulence; Solar wind; 1544; 830; 1534; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics |
This research shows Part II of the Spacecraft Interaction Plasma Software (SPIS) used to model the parker solar probe (PSP) FIELDS instrument and its interactions with the Solar Wind. Flight data were used to run the PSP model and compared with models using past predicted parameters. The effect of voltage biasing between the antenna, its shield, and the spacecraft on the current balance of each surface was investigated at first perihelion (0.16AU). The model data were reduced to I-V curves to find current saturations (analys ... Diaz-Aguado, M.; Bonnell, J.; Bale, S.; Wang, J.; Gruntman, M.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) Published on: 05/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028689 |
Non Detection of Lightning During the Second Parker Solar Probe Venus Gravity Assist The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft completed its second Venus gravity assist maneuver (VGA2) on December 26, 2019. For a 20 min interval surrounding closest approach, the PSP/FIELDS Radio Frequency Spectrometer (RFS) was set to "burst mode," recording radio spectra from 1.3 to 19.2 MHz at sub second cadence. We analyze this burst mode data, searching for signatures of radio frequency "sferic" emission from lightning discharges. During the burst mode interval, only four spectra were observed with strong impulsive signals ... Pulupa, Marc; Bale, Stuart; Curry, Shannon; Farrell, William; Goodrich, Katherine; Goetz, Keith; Harvey, Peter; Malaspina, David; Raouafi, Nour; Published by: Geophysical Research Letters Published on: 04/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1029/2020GL091751 Parker Data Used; Venus; lightning; radio; non detection; parker solar probe |
Subproton-scale Intermittency in Near-Sun Solar Wind Turbulence Observed by the Parker Solar Probe High time-resolution solar wind magnetic field data are employed to study statistics describing intermittency near the first perihelion (∼35.6 R⊙) of the Parker Solar Probe mission. A merged data set employing two instruments on the FIELDS suite enables broadband estimation of higher-order moments of magnetic field increments, with five orders established with reliable accuracy. The duration, cadence, and low noise level of the data permit evaluation of scale dependence of the observed intermittency from the i ... Chhiber, Rohit; Matthaeus, William; Bowen, Trevor; Bale, Stuart; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 04/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abf04e Parker Data Used; Solar wind; interplanetary turbulence; Magnetohydrodynamics; Space plasmas; 1534; 830; 1964; 1544; Physics - Space Physics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Plasma Physics |
Observations of plasma waves by the Fields Suite and of electrons by the Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons Investigation on the Parker Solar Probe provide strong evidence for pitch angle scattering of strahl-energy electrons by narrowband whistler-mode waves at radial distances less than ∼0.3 au. We present two example intervals of a few hours each that include eight waveform captures with whistler-mode waves and 26 representative electron distributions that are examined in detail. Two were narrow, seventeen were cle ... Cattell, C.; Breneman, A.; Dombeck, J.; Short, B.; Wygant, J.; Halekas, J.; Case, Tony; Kasper, J.; Larson, D.; Stevens, Mike; Whittesley, P.; Bale, S.; de Wit, Dudok; Goodrich, K.; MacDowall, R.; Moncuquet, M.; Malaspina, D.; Pulupa, M.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 04/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abefdd Parker Data Used; Solar wind; Space plasmas; Plasma astrophysics; Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary particle acceleration; 1534; 1544; 1261; 827; 826; Physics - Space Physics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Plasma Physics |
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) aims to explore the nascent solar wind close to the Sun. Meanwhile, PSP is also expected to encounter small objects like comets and asteroids. In this work, we survey the ephemerides to find the chance of a recent encounter and then model the interaction between released dusty plasmas and solar wind plasmas. On 2019 September 2, a comet-like object, the 322P/Solar and Heliosphere Observatory, just passed its perihelion flying to a heliocentric distance of 0.12 au and swept by PSP at a relative di ... He, Jiansen; Cui, Bo; Yang, Liping; Hou, Chuanpeng; Zhang, Lei; Ip, Wing-Huen; Jia, Ying-Dong; Dong, Chuanfei; Duan, Die; Zong, Qiugang; Bale, Stuart; Pulupa, Marc; Bonnell, John; de Wit, Thierry; Goetz, Keith; Harvey, Peter; MacDowall, Robert; Malaspina, David; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 03/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abdf4a Parker Data Used; Solar wind; Comet tails; Interplanetary dust; Asteroids; 1534; 274; 821; 72; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics |
The hot and diffuse nature of the Sun s extended atmosphere allows it to persist in non-equilibrium states for long enough that wave-particle instabilities can arise and modify the evolution of the expanding solar wind. Determining which instabilities arise, and how significant a role they play in governing the dynamics of the solar wind, has been a decades-long process involving in situ observations at a variety of radial distances. With new measurements from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), we can study what wave modes are dr ... Klein, K.; Verniero, J.; Alterman, B.; Bale, S.; Case, A.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Larson, D.; Lichko, E.; Livi, R.; McManus, M.; Martinovic, M.; Rahmati, A.; Stevens, M.; Whittlesey, P.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 03/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd7a0 Parker Data Used; Solar wind; Space plasmas; Plasma physics; 1534; 1544; 2089; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics |
The scaling of the turbulent spectra provides a key measurement that allows us to discriminate between different theoretical predictions of turbulence. In the solar wind, this has driven a large number of studies dedicated to this issue using in situ data from various orbiting spacecraft. While a semblance of consensus exists regarding the scaling in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and dispersive ranges, the precise scaling in the transition range and the actual physical mechanisms that control it remain open questions. Using ... Huang, S; Sahraoui, F.; Andrés, N.; Hadid, L.; Yuan, Z.; He, J.; Zhao, J.; Galtier, S.; Zhang, J.; Deng, X.; Jiang, K.; Yu, L.; Xu, S.; Xiong, Q; Wei, Y; de Wit, Dudok; Bale, S.; Kasper, J.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 03/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abdaaf Parker Data Used; Solar wind; interplanetary turbulence; Solar coronal heating; 1534; 830; 1989; Physics - Space Physics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
Shi, Chen; Zhao, Jinsong; Huang, Jia; Wang, Tieyan; Wu, Dejin; Chen, Yu; Hu, Qiang; Kasper, Justin; Bale, Stuart; Published by: \apjl Published on: 02/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abdd28 |
The addition of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to the Heliophysics System Observatory has allowed for the unprecedented ability to study Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) at multiple radial distances without significant temporal/longitudinal variations. On September 19, 2019, PSP observed a CIR at ∼0.5 au when it was nearly radially aligned with the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (STEREO A) spacecraft at ∼1 au, allowing for an unambiguous assessment of the radial evolution of a single CIR. Bulk plasma and ma ... Allen, R.; Ho, G.; Mason, G.; Li, G.; Jian, L.; Vines, S.; Schwadron, N.; Joyce, C.; Bale, S.; Bonnell, J.; Case, A.; Christian, E.; Cohen, C.; Desai, M.; Filwett, R.; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.; Hill, M.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Lario, D.; Larson, D.; Livi, R.; MacDowall, R.; Malaspina, D.; McComas, D.; McNutt, R.; Mitchell, D.; Paulson, K.; Pulupa, M.; Raouafi, N.; Stevens, M.; Whittlesey, P.; Wiedenbeck, M.; Published by: Geophysical Research Letters Published on: 02/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1029/2020GL091376 Parker Data Used; CIRs; parker solar probe; Solar wind; STEREO; suprathermal ions |
Measurement of Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter Missions The search coil magnetometer (SCM) measures the magnetic signature of solar wind fluctuations with three components in the 3 Hz-50 kHz range and one single component in the 1 kHz-1 MHz range. This instrument is important for providing in situ observations of transients caused by interplanetary shocks and reconnection, for the identification of electromagnetic wave modes in plasmas and the determination of their characteristics (planarity, polarization, ellipticity, and k vector) and for studying the turbulent cascade in the ... Jannet, G.; de Wit, Dudok; Krasnoselskikh, V.; Kretzschmar, M.; Fergeau, P.; Bergerard-Timofeeva, M.; Agrapart, C.; Brochot, J; Chalumeau, G.; Martin, P.; Revillet, C.; Bale, S.; Maksimovic, M.; Bowen, T.; Brysbaert, C.; Goetz, K.; Guilhem, E.; Harvey, P.; Leray, V.; Lorfèvre, E.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) Published on: 02/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028543 Parker Data Used; magnetometer; parker solar probe; search coil; Solar Orbiter |
Kinetic-Scale Turbulence in the Venusian Magnetosheath Bowen, T.~A.; Bale, S.~D.; Bandyopadhyay, R.; Bonnell, J.~W.; Case, A.; Chasapis, A.; Chen, C.~H.~K.; Curry, S.; de Wit, Dudok; Goetz, K.; Goodrich, K.; Gruesbeck, J.; Halekas, J.; Harvey, P.~R.; Howes, G.~G.; Kasper, J.~C.; Korreck, K.; Larson, D.; Livi, R.; MacDowall, R.~J.; Malaspina, D.~M.; Mallet, A.; McManus, M.~D.; Page, B.; Pulupa, M.; Raouafi, N.; Stevens, M.~L.; Whittlesey, P.; Published by: \grl Published on: 01/2021 YEAR: 2021   DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090783 |
Evidence of Subproton-Scale Magnetic Holes in the Venusian Magnetosheath Abstract Depressions in magnetic field strength, commonly referred to as magnetic holes, are observed ubiquitously in space plasmas. Subproton-scale magnetic holes with spatial scales smaller than or on the order of a proton gyroradius, are likely supported by electron current vortices, rotating perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. While there are numerous accounts of subproton-scale magnetic holes within the Earth’s magnetosphere, there are few, if any, reported observations in other space plasma environments. We ... Goodrich, Katherine; Bonnell, John; Curry, Shannon; Livi, Roberto; Whittlesey, Phyllis; Mozer, Forrest; Malaspina, David; Halekas, Jasper; McManus, Michael; Bale, Stuart; Bowen, Trevor; Case, Anthony; de Wit, Thierry; Goetz, Keith; Harvey, Peter; Kasper, Justin; Larson, Davin; MacDowall, Robert; Pulupa, Marc; Stevens, Michael; Published by: Geophysical Research Letters Published on: YEAR: 2021   DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090329 |
2020 |
Magnetic increases with central current sheets: Observations with Parker Solar Probe \ Aims: We report the observation by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) of magnetic structures in the solar wind that present a strong peak in their magnetic field magnitude with an embedded central current sheet. Similar structures have been observed, either at the Earth s magnetopause and called interlinked flux tubes, or in the solar wind and called interplanetary field enhancements. \ Methods: In this work, we first investigate two striking events in detail; one occurred in the regular slow solar wind on November 2, 2018 and the o ... Fargette, N.; Lavraud, B.; Rouillard, A.; Eastwood, J.; Bale, S.; Phan, T.; Oieroset, M.; Halekas, J.; Kasper, J.; Berthomier, M.; Case, A.; Korreck, K.; Larson, D.; Louarn, P.; Malaspina, D.; Pulupa, M.; Stevens, M.; Whittlesey, P.; al., et; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: jun YEAR: 2020   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039191" |
Electron heat flux in the near-Sun environment \ Aims: We survey the electron heat flux observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) in the near-Sun environment at heliocentric distances of 0.125-0.25 AU. \ Methods: We utilized measurements from the Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons and FIELDS experiments to compute the solar wind electron heat flux and its components and to place these in context. \ Results: The PSP observations reveal a number of trends in the electron heat flux signatures near the Sun. The magnitude of the heat flux is anticorrelated with solar wind ... Halekas, J.; Whittlesey, P.; Larson, D.; McGinnis, D.; Bale, S.; Berthomier, M.; Case, A.; Chandran, B.; Kasper, J.; Klein, K.; Korreck, K.; Livi, R.; MacDowall, R.; Maksimovic, M.; al., et; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: jun YEAR: 2020   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039256" |
Statistical analysis of orientation, shape, and size of solar wind switchbacks Context. One of the main discoveries from the first two orbits of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was the presence of magnetic switchbacks, whose deflections dominated the magnetic field measurements. Determining their shape and size could provide evidence of their origin, which is still unclear. Previous work with a single solar wind stream has indicated that these are long, thin structures although the direction of their major axis could not be determined. \ Aims: We investigate if this long, thin nature extends to other solar wi ... Laker, R.; Horbury, T.; Bale, S.; Matteini, L.; Woolley, T.; Woodham, L.; Badman, S.; Pulupa, M.; Kasper, J.; Stevens, M.; Case, A.; Korreck, K.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: jun YEAR: 2020   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039354" |
Enhanced proton parallel temperature inside patches of switchbacks in the inner heliosphere Context. Switchbacks are discrete angular deflections in the solar wind magnetic field that have been observed throughout the heliosphere. Recent observations by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) have revealed the presence of patches of switchbacks on the scale of hours to days, separated by quieter radial fields. \ Aims: We aim to further diagnose the origin of these patches using measurements of proton temperature anisotropy that can illuminate possible links to formation processes in the solar corona. \ Methods: We fitted 3D bi- ... Woodham, L.; Horbury, T.; Matteini, L.; Woolley, T.; Laker, R.; Bale, S.; Nicolaou, G.; Stawarz, J.; Stansby, D.; Hietala, H.; Larson, D.; Livi, R.; Verniero, J.; McManus, M.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Raouafi, N.; Moncuquet, M.; Pulupa, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: jun YEAR: 2020   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039415" |
Switchbacks as signatures of magnetic flux ropes generated by interchange reconnection in the corona The structure of magnetic flux ropes injected into the solar wind during reconnection in the coronal atmosphere is explored with particle-in-cell simulations and compared with in situ measurements of magnetic switchbacks from the Parker Solar Probe. We suggest that multi-x-line reconnection between open and closed flux in the corona injects flux ropes into the solar wind and that these flux ropes convect outward over long distances before eroding due to reconnection. Simulations that explore the magnetic structure of flu ... Drake, J.; Agapitov, A.; Swisdak, M.; Badman, S.; Bale, S.; Horbury, T.; Kasper, Justin; MacDowall, R.; Mozer, F.; Phan, T.; Pulupa, M.; Szabo, A.; Velli, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: jun YEAR: 2020   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039432" |
A living catalog of stream interaction regions in the Parker Solar Probe era Stream interaction regions (SIRs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are important phenomena in heliospheric physics. These large-scale structures vary temporally and spatially, both in latitude and with radial distance. The additions of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter have allowed for investigations into the radial evolution of these structures over a wide range of heliocentric distances for the first time since the Helios era. To better enable investigations of SIRs and CIRs within the inner heliosphere, ... Allen, R.; Ho, G.; Jian, L.; Vines, S.; Bale, S.; Case, A.; Hill, M.; Joyce, C.; Kasper, J.; Korreck, K.; Malaspina, D.; McComas, D.; McNutt, R.; Möstl, C.; Odstrcil, D.; Raouafi, N.; Schwadron, N.; Stevens, M.; Published by: Astronomy and Astrophysics Published on: jun YEAR: 2020   DOI: "10.1051/0004-6361/202039833" |
Turbulence Characteristics of Switchback and Nonswitchback Intervals Observed by Parker Solar Probe We use Parker Solar Probe (PSP) in situ measurements to analyze the characteristics of solar wind turbulence during the first solar encounter covering radial distances between 35.7R and 41.7R. In our analysis we isolate so-called switchback (SB) intervals (folded magnetic field lines) from nonswitchback (NSB) intervals, which mainly follow the Parker spiral field. Using a technique based on conditioned correlation functions, we estimate the power spectra of Elsasser, magnetic, and bulk velocity fields separately in the SB an ... Bourouaine, Sofiane; Perez, Jean; Klein, Kristopher; Chen, Christopher; Martinovic, Mihailo; Bale, Stuart; Kasper, Justin; Raouafi, Nour; Published by: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS Published on: 12/2020 YEAR: 2020   DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abbd4a |
The Parker Solar Probe mission has shown the ubiquitous presence of strong magnetic field deflections, namely switchbacks, during its first perihelion where it was embedded in a highly Alfvenic slow stream. Here, we study the turbulent magnetic fluctuations around ion scales in three intervals characterized by a different switchback activity, identified by the behavior of the magnetic field radial component, B-r. Quiet (B-r does not show significant fluctuations), weakly disturbed (B-r has strong fluctuations but no reversal ... Perrone, Denise; Bruno, Roberto; Amicis, Raffaella; Telloni, Daniele; De Marco, Rossana; Stangalini, Marco; Perri, Silvia; Pezzi, Oreste; Alexandrova, Olga; Bale, Stuart; Published by: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL Published on: 12/2020 YEAR: 2020   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc480 |
Proton core behaviour inside magnetic field switchbacks During Parker Solar Probe s first two orbits, there are widespread observations of rapid magnetic field reversals known as switchbacks. These switchbacks are extensively found in the near-Sun solar wind, appear to occur in patches, and have possible links to various phenomena such as magnetic reconnection near the solar surface. As switchbacks are associated with faster plasma flows, we questioned whether they are hotter than the background plasma and whether the microphysics inside a switchback is different to its surroundi ... Woolley, Thomas; Matteini, Lorenzo; Horbury, Timothy; Bale, Stuart; Woodham, Lloyd; Laker, Ronan; Alterman, Benjamin; Bonnell, John; Case, Anthony; Kasper, Justin; Klein, Kristopher; Martinovic, Mihailo; Stevens, Michael; Published by: MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Published on: 11/2020 YEAR: 2020   DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2770 |
Plasma Double Layers at the Boundary Between Venus and the Solar Wind Malaspina, D.~M.; Goodrich, K.; Livi, R.; Halekas, J.; McManus, M.; Curry, S.; Bale, S.~D.; Bonnell, J.~W.; de Wit, Dudok; Goetz, K.; Harvey, P.~R.; MacDowall, R.~J.; Pulupa, M.; Case, A.~W.; Kasper, J.~C.; Korreck, K.~E.; Larson, D.; Stevens, M.~L.; Whittlesey, P.; Published by: \grl Published on: 10/2020 YEAR: 2020   DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090115 Parker Data Used; kinetic physics; Venus; bow shock; magnetosheath; double layer; solar wind interaction |
On the Scaling Properties of Magnetic-field Fluctuations through the Inner Heliosphere Although the interplanetary magnetic-field variability has been extensively investigated in situ using data from several space missions, newly launched missions providing high-resolution measures and approaching the Sun offer the possibility to study the multiscale variability in the innermost\ solar\ system. Here, using\ Parker\ Solar\ Probe\ measurements, we investigate the scaling properties of\ solar\ wind magnetic-field fluctuations at different heliocentric distances. The resu ... Alberti, Tommaso; Laurenza, Monica; Consolini, Giuseppe; Milillo, Anna; Marcucci, Maria; Carbone, Vincenzo; Bale, Stuart; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 10/2020 YEAR: 2020   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb3d2 Chaos; interplanetary magnetic fields; interplanetary turbulence; Parker Data Used; parker solar probe; Solar Probe Plus; Solar wind; Time series analysis |
Small Electron Events Observed by Parker Solar Probe/IS⊙IS during Encounter 2 The current understanding of the characteristics of\ solar\ and inner heliospheric electron events is inferred almost entirely from observations made by spacecraft located at 1 astronomical unit (au). Previous observations within 1 au of the Sun, by the Helios spacecraft at similar to 0.3-1 au, indicate the presence of electron events that are not detected at 1 au or may have merged during transport from the Sun.\ Parker\ Solar\ Probe\textquoterights close proximity to the Sun at perihelion provid ... Mitchell, J.; de Nolfo, G.; Hill, M.; Christian, E.; McComas, D.; Schwadron, N.; Wiedenbeck, M.; Bale, S.; Case, A.; Cohen, C.; Joyce, C.; Kasper, J.; Labrador, A.; Leske, R.; MacDowall, R.; Mewaldt, R.; Mitchell, D.; Pulupa, M.; Richardson, I.; Stevens, M.; Szalay, J.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 10/2020 YEAR: 2020   DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb2a4 Parker Data Used; parker solar probe; Radio bursts; Solar energetic particles; solar flares; Solar particle emission; Solar Physics; Solar Probe Plus |