# PSP Bibliography

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## Found 82 entries in the Bibliography.

### Showing entries from 1 through 50

 2022 Observation of a Magnetic Switchback in the Solar Corona Switchbacks are sudden, large radial deflections of the solar wind magnetic field, widely revealed in interplanetary space by the Parker Solar Probe. The switchbacks formation mechanism and sources are still unresolved, although candidate mechanisms include Alfv\ enic turbulence, shear-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, interchange reconnection, and geometrical effects related to the Parker spiral. This Letter presents observations from the Metis coronagraph on board a Solar Orbiter of a single large propagating S-shape ... Telloni, Daniele; Zank, Gary; Stangalini, Marco; Downs, Cooper; Liang, Haoming; Nakanotani, Masaru; Andretta, Vincenzo; Antonucci, Ester; Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Adhikari, Laxman; Zhao, Lingling; Marino, Raffaele; Susino, Roberto; Grimani, Catia; Fabi, Michele; Amicis, Raffaella; Perrone, Denise; Bruno, Roberto; Carbone, Francesco; Mancuso, Salvatore; Romoli, Marco; Da Deppo, Vania; Fineschi, Silvano; Heinzel, Petr; Moses, John; Naletto, Giampiero; Nicolini, Gianalfredo; Spadaro, Daniele; Teriaca, Luca; Frassati, Federica; Jerse, Giovanna; Landini, Federico; Pancrazzi, Maurizio; Russano, Giuliana; Sasso, Clementina; Biondo, Ruggero; Burtovoi, Aleksandr; Capuano, Giuseppe; Casini, Chiara; Casti, Marta; Chioetto, Paolo; De Leo, Yara; Giarrusso, Marina; Liberatore, Alessandro; Berghmans, David; Auchère, Fr\; Cuadrado, Regina; Chitta, Lakshmi; Harra, Louise; Kraaikamp, Emil; Long, David; Mandal, Sudip; Parenti, Susanna; Pelouze, Gabriel; Peter, Hardi; Rodriguez, Luciano; Schühle, Udo; Schwanitz, Conrad; Smith, Phil; Verbeeck, Cis; Zhukov, Andrei; Published by: \apjl      Published on: sep YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8104 Strategies for Determining the Cascade Rate in MHD Turbulence: Isotropy, Anisotropy, and Spacecraft Sampling Exact laws for evaluating cascade rates, tracing back to the Kolmogorov 4/5 law, have been extended to many systems of interest including magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and compressible flows of the magnetofluid and ordinary fluid types. It is understood that implementations may be limited by the quantity of available data and by the lack of turbulence symmetry. Assessment of the accuracy and feasibility of such third-order (or Yaglom) relations is most effectively accomplished by examining the von K\ arm\ an-Howarth equati ... Wang, Yanwen; Chhiber, Rohit; Adhikari, Subash; Yang, Yan; Bandyopadhyay, Riddhi; Shay, Michael; Oughton, Sean; Matthaeus, William; Cuesta, Manuel; Published by: \apj      Published on: oct YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8f90 Higher-order Turbulence Statistics in the Sub-Alfv\ enic Solar Wind Observed by Parker Solar Probe Parker Solar Probe has been the first spacecraft to enter the deep corona below the Alfv\ en critical point. Here we examine the higher-order statistical properties of magnetic-field fluctuations in the sub-Alfv\ enic solar wind and compare the results with the neighboring super-Alfv\ enic region. The intermittency and multifractal properties are analyzed by inspecting the probability density functions, the scale- dependent kurtosis, and fractal spectrum of magnetic-field fluctuations. It is found that the magnetic-field flu ... Zhang, J.; Huang, S.~Y.; Yuan, Z.~G.; Jiang, K.; Xu, S.~B.; Bandyopadhyay, R.; Wei, Y.~Y.; Xiong, Q.~Y.; Wang, Z.; Yu, L.; Lin, R.~T.; Published by: \apj      Published on: oct YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8c34 Inconspicuous Solar Polar Coronal X-Ray Jets as the Source of Conspicuous Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer Doppler Outflows We examine in greater detail five events previously identified as being sources of strong transient coronal outflows in a solar polar region in Hinode/Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) Doppler data. Although relatively compact or faint and inconspicuous in Hinode/X-ray Telescope (XRT) soft-X-ray (SXR) images and in Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) EUV images, we find that all of these events are consistent with being faint coronal X-ray jets. The evidence for this is that ... Sterling, Alphonse; Schwanitz, Conrad; Harra, Louise; Raouafi, Nour; Panesar, Navdeep; Moore, Ronald; Published by: \apj      Published on: nov YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9960 Ion Kinetics of Plasma Flows: Earth s Magnetosheath versus Solar Wind Revealing the formation, dynamics, and contribution to plasma heating of magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind is an important task for heliospheric physics and for a general plasma turbulence theory. Spacecraft observations in the solar wind are limited to spatially localized measurements, so that the evolution of fluctuation properties with solar wind propagation is mostly studied via statistical analyses of data sets collected by different spacecraft at various radial distances from the Sun. In this study we inves ... Artemyev, A.~V.; Shi, C.; Lin, Y.; Nishimura, Y.; Gonzalez, C.; Verniero, J.; Wang, X.; Velli, M.; Tenerani, A.; Sioulas, N.; Published by: \apj      Published on: nov YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac96e4 Density Compressions at Magnetic Switchbacks Associated With Fast Plasma: A Superposed Epoch Analysis Many magnetic field switchbacks were detected by the Parker Solar Probe and their origin remains a puzzle. We did a superposed epoch analysis (SEA) to investigate the plasma characteristics in the vicinity of switchbacks and their radial evolution. SEA is good way to get the statistical average features of certain types of events that have obvious boundaries and different durations. For 55 events ranging from 1 to 30 min, the SEA results show that a small parcel of plasma is piling up in front of the reversed field, and ... Liu, Ruoyan; Liu, Yong; Huang, Jia; Huang, Zhaohui; Klecker, Berndt; Wang, Chi; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)      Published on: may YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2022JA030382 Analysis of the Distribution, Rotation and Scale Characteristics of Solar Wind Switchbacks: Comparison between the First and Second Encounters of Parker Solar Probe The S-shaped magnetic structure in the solar wind formed by the twisting of magnetic field lines is called a switchback, whose main characteristics are the reversal of the magnetic field and the significant increase in the solar wind radial velocity. We identify 242 switchbacks during the first two encounters of Parker Solar Probe. Statistics methods are applied to analyze the distribution and the rotation angle and direction of the magnetic field rotation of the switchbacks. The diameter of switchbacks is estimated with a m ... Meng, Ming-Ming; Liu, Ying; Chen, Chong; Wang, Rui; Published by: Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics      Published on: mar YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1088/1674-4527/ac49e4 Categorizing MHD Discontinuities in the Inner Heliosphere by Utilizing the PSP Mission The interplanetary discontinuities (IDs) have been widely observed in astrophysical and space plasmas, while their characteristics and evolutions within 0.3 AU are still unclear due to the limitation of spacecraft orbits in previous missions. Here, we report three ID events, including a rotational discontinuity (RD), a tangential discontinuity (TD), and a suspected contact discontinuity (CD), detected by the Parker Solar Probe in a previously unexplored region of the heliosphere as close to the Sun as 0.13 AU. By the combina ... Liu, Y.~Y.; Fu, H.~S.; Cao, J.~B.; Yu, Y.; Liu, C.~M.; Wang, Z.; Guo, Z.~Z.; He, R.~J.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)      Published on: mar YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029983 Parker Data Used PSP Observations of a Slow Shock Pair Bounding a Large-Scale Plasmoid/Macro Magnetic Hole Slow shocks are introduced to be the main dissipation sites in Petschek reconnection model, but they are seldom observed in interplanetary space. We report a slow shock pair bounding a plasmoid/macro magnetic hole observed by Parker Solar Probe. The jump conditions across the shocks are examined and confirmed to satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. The flow speed in the preshock and postshock regions of both shocks match up with the characteristics of slow shocks. The slow shock pair is suggested to be a part of a curved ... Zhou, Zilu; Xu, Xiaojun; Zuo, Pingbing; Wang, Yi; Wang, Ludi; Ye, Yudong; Wang, Ming; Chang, Qing; Wang, Xing; Luo, Lei; Published by: \grl      Published on: mar YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2021GL097564 PSP Observations of a Slow Shock Pair Bounding a Large-Scale Plasmoid/Macro Magnetic Hole Slow shocks are introduced to be the main dissipation sites in Petschek reconnection model, but they are seldom observed in interplanetary space. We report a slow shock pair bounding a plasmoid/macro magnetic hole observed by Parker Solar Probe. The jump conditions across the shocks are examined and confirmed to satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. The flow speed in the preshock and postshock regions of both shocks match up with the characteristics of slow shocks. The slow shock pair is suggested to be a part of a curved ... Zhou, Zilu; Xu, Xiaojun; Zuo, Pingbing; Wang, Yi; Wang, Ludi; Ye, Yudong; Wang, Ming; Chang, Qing; Wang, Xing; Luo, Lei; Published by: \grl      Published on: mar YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2021GL097564 PSP Observations of a Slow Shock Pair Bounding a Large-Scale Plasmoid/Macro Magnetic Hole Slow shocks are introduced to be the main dissipation sites in Petschek reconnection model, but they are seldom observed in interplanetary space. We report a slow shock pair bounding a plasmoid/macro magnetic hole observed by Parker Solar Probe. The jump conditions across the shocks are examined and confirmed to satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. The flow speed in the preshock and postshock regions of both shocks match up with the characteristics of slow shocks. The slow shock pair is suggested to be a part of a curved ... Zhou, Zilu; Xu, Xiaojun; Zuo, Pingbing; Wang, Yi; Wang, Ludi; Ye, Yudong; Wang, Ming; Chang, Qing; Wang, Xing; Luo, Lei; Published by: \grl      Published on: mar YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2021GL097564 PSP Observations of a Slow Shock Pair Bounding a Large-Scale Plasmoid/Macro Magnetic Hole Slow shocks are introduced to be the main dissipation sites in Petschek reconnection model, but they are seldom observed in interplanetary space. We report a slow shock pair bounding a plasmoid/macro magnetic hole observed by Parker Solar Probe. The jump conditions across the shocks are examined and confirmed to satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. The flow speed in the preshock and postshock regions of both shocks match up with the characteristics of slow shocks. The slow shock pair is suggested to be a part of a curved ... Zhou, Zilu; Xu, Xiaojun; Zuo, Pingbing; Wang, Yi; Wang, Ludi; Ye, Yudong; Wang, Ming; Chang, Qing; Wang, Xing; Luo, Lei; Published by: \grl      Published on: mar YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2021GL097564 Using the Sun to Measure the Primary Beam Response of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Amiri, Mandana; Bandura, Kevin; Boskovic, Anja; Cliche, Jean-Fran\ccois; Deng, Meiling; Dobbs, Matt; Fandino, Mateus; Foreman, Simon; Halpern, Mark; Hill, Alex; Hinshaw, Gary; Höfer, Carolin; Kania, Joseph; Landecker, T.~L.; MacEachern, Joshua; Masui, Kiyoshi; Mena-Parra, Juan; Newburgh, Laura; Ordog, Anna; Pinsonneault-Marotte, Tristan; Polzin, Ava; Reda, Alex; Shaw, Richard; Siegel, Seth; Singh, Saurabh; Vanderlinde, Keith; Wang, Haochen; Willis, James; Wulf, Dallas; Collaboration, CHIME; Published by: \apj      Published on: jun YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6b9f Growth of Outward Propagating Fast-magnetosonic/Whistler Waves in the Inner Heliosphere Observed by Parker Solar Probe The solar wind in the inner heliosphere has been observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to exhibit abundant wave activities. The cyclotron wave modes responding to ions or electrons are among the most crucial wave components. However, their origin and evolution in the inner heliosphere close to the Sun remains a mystery. Specifically, it remains unknown whether it is an emitted signal from the solar atmosphere or an eigenmode growing locally in the heliosphere due to plasma instability. To address and resolve this controversy, ... He, Jiansen; Wang, Ying; Zhu, Xingyu; Duan, Die; Verscharen, Daniel; Zhao, Guoqing; Published by: \apj      Published on: jul YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c8e Searching for a Solar Source of Magnetic-Field Switchbacks in Parker Solar Probe s First Encounter Parker Solar Probe observations show ubiquitous magnetic-field reversals closer to the Sun, often referred to as switchbacks . The switchbacks have been observed before in the solar wind near 1 AU and beyond, but their occurrence was historically rare. PSP measurements below \ensuremath\sim 0.2 AU show that switchbacks are, however, the most prominent structures in the young solar wind. In this work, we analyze remote-sensing observations of a small equatorial coronal hole to which PSP was connected during the perihel ... de Pablos, D.; Samanta, T.; Badman, S.~T.; Schwanitz, C.; Bahauddin, S.~M.; Harra, L.~K.; Petrie, G.; Cormack, Mac; Mandrini, C.~H.; Raouafi, N.~E.; Pillet, Martinez; Velli, M.; Published by: \solphys      Published on: jul YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1007/s11207-022-02022-4 Two Correlations with Enhancement Near the Proton Gyroradius Scale in Solar Wind Turbulence: Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Wind Observations Based on the Parker Solar Probe mission, this paper presents the observations of two correlations in solar wind turbulence near the Sun for the first time, demonstrating the clear existence of the following two correlations. One is positive correlation between the proton temperature and turbulent magnetic energy density. The other is negative correlation between the spectral index and magnetic helicity. It is found that the former correlation has a maximum correlation coefficient (CC) at the wavenumber k \ensuremath\rho $_ p ... Zhao, G.~Q.; Lin, Y.; Wang, X.~Y.; Feng, H.~Q.; Wu, D.~J.; Kasper, J.~C.; Published by: \apj Published on: jan YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3747 Three-Dimensional Anisotropy and Scaling Properties of Solar Wind Turbulence at Kinetic Scales in the Inner Heliosphere: Parker Solar Probe Observations We utilize the data from the Parker Solar Probe mission at its first perihelion to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) anisotropies and scalings of solar wind turbulence for the total, perpendicular, and parallel magnetic-field fluctuations at kinetic scales in the inner heliosphere. By calculating the five-point second-order structure functions, we find that the three characteristic lengths of turbulence eddies for the total and the perpendicular magnetic-field fluctuations in the local reference frame$(\hatL_\perp ,\ha ... Zhang, J.; Huang, S.~Y.; He, J.~S.; Wang, T.~Y.; Yuan, Z.~G.; Deng, X.~H.; Jiang, K.; Wei, Y.~Y.; Xu, S.~B.; Xiong, Q.~Y.; Lin, R.~T.; Yu, L.; Published by: \apjl      Published on: jan YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac4027 Parker Solar Probe Imaging of the Night Side of Venus We present images of Venus from the Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) telescope on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft, obtained during PSP s third and fourth flybys of Venus on 2020 July 11 and 2021 February 20, respectively. Thermal emission from the surface is observed on the night side, representing the shortest wavelength observations of this emission ever, the first detection of the Venusian surface by an optical telescope observing below 0.8 \ensuremath\mum. Consistent with previous observatio ... Wood, Brian; Hess, Phillip; Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob; Gallagher, Brendan; Korwan, Daniel; Rich, Nathan; Stenborg, Guillermo; Thernisien, Arnaud; Qadri, Syed; Santiago, Freddie; Peralta, Javier; Arney, Giada; Izenberg, Noam; Vourlidas, Angelos; Linton, Mark; Howard, Russell; Raouafi, Nour; Published by: \grl      Published on: feb YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2021GL096302 Parker Data Used Multiband Electrostatic Waves below and above the Electron Cyclotron Frequency in the Near-Sun Solar Wind Using the Parker Solar Probe measurements, this Letter reports two new types of multiband electrostatic waves in and near the heliospheric current sheet. They are classified into the f < f $_ce$ and f > f $_ce$ multiband electrostatic waves, in which most (or all) of the bands in the former type are lower than f $_ce$, and all of the bands in the latter type are higher than f $_ce$, where f and f $_ce$ denotes the wave frequency and the electron cyclotron frequency, respectively. This Letter also exhibits observational evide ... Shi, Chen; Zhao, Jinsong; Malaspina, David; Bale, Stuart; Dong, Xiangcheng; Wang, Tieyan; Wu, Dejin; Published by: \apjl      Published on: feb YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac4d37 Consistency of von Karman Decay Rate with the Energy Supply Rate and Heating Rate Observed by Parker Solar Probe The von K\ arm\ an-Howarth equations give a starting basis for the classical turbulence theory. The formula for the magnetohydrodynamics von K\ arm\ an decay rate represents an energy source in many solar wind models with turbulence as the driver. However, it still lacks the radial trend comparison between the von K\ arm\ an decay rate, the energy supply rate, and the perpendicular heating rate based on direct observations of the solar wind. Here we carry out this kind of comparison for the first time using Parker Solar Prob ... Wu, Honghong; Tu, Chuanyi; He, Jiansen; Wang, Xin; Yang, Liping; Published by: \apj      Published on: feb YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4413 Small-Scale Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind Observed by Parker Solar Probe The small-scale magnetic hole (SSMH), characterized by magnetic field depression, is a structure with the size in the order of proton gyro-radius. SSMHs near the Earth or other planets have been widely observed in recent years. However, SSMHs in the solar wind near the Sun are rarely investigated due to mission constraints. In the present study, SSMHs in the pristine solar wind within a wide heliocentric distance range are analyzed based on the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Mission measurements. A total of 2,416 SSMHs are success ... Yu, L.; Huang, S.~Y.; Yuan, Z.~G.; Jiang, K.; Wei, Y.~Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, S.~B.; Xiong, Q.~Y.; Wang, Z.; Lin, R.~T.; Li, Y.~J.; Wang, C.~M.; Song, G.~J.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)      Published on: aug YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2022JA030505 Small-Scale Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind Observed by Parker Solar Probe The small-scale magnetic hole (SSMH), characterized by magnetic field depression, is a structure with the size in the order of proton gyro-radius. SSMHs near the Earth or other planets have been widely observed in recent years. However, SSMHs in the solar wind near the Sun are rarely investigated due to mission constraints. In the present study, SSMHs in the pristine solar wind within a wide heliocentric distance range are analyzed based on the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Mission measurements. A total of 2,416 SSMHs are success ... Yu, L.; Huang, S.~Y.; Yuan, Z.~G.; Jiang, K.; Wei, Y.~Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, S.~B.; Xiong, Q.~Y.; Wang, Z.; Lin, R.~T.; Li, Y.~J.; Wang, C.~M.; Song, G.~J.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)      Published on: aug YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2022JA030505 Solar Chromospheric Network as a Source for Solar Wind Switchbacks Recent studies suggest that the magnetic switchbacks (SBs) detected by the Parker Solar Probe carry information on the scales of solar supergranulation (large scale) and granulation (medium scale). We test this claim using high-resolution H\ensuremath\alpha images obtained with the visible spectropolarimeters of the Goode Solar Telescope in Big Bear Solar Observatory. As possible solar sources, we count all the spicule-like features standing along the chromospheric networks near the coronal hole boundary visible in the H\ens ... Lee, Jeongwoo; Yurchyshyn, Vasyl; Wang, Haimin; Yang, Xu; Cao, Wenda; Oliveros, Juan; Published by: \apjl      Published on: aug YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac86bf Using Single-view Observations of Cometary Plasma Tails to Infer Solar Wind Speed A comet plasma tail is a product of the interaction between the solar wind and the comet s coma, and has long been studied as a natural probe of the solar wind condition. We previously developed a method to derive the solar wind speed from dual-view observations of comet plasma tails. Here we improve the method to use single-view observations by assuming a radially propagating solar wind and apply it to two comets, C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) and C/2012 S1 (ISON) observed by coronagraphs on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observato ... Cheng, Long; Wang, Yuming; Li, Xiaolei; Published by: \apj      Published on: apr YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac5410 On the Conservation of Turbulence Energy in Turbulence Transport Models Zank et al. developed models describing the transport of low-frequency incompressible and nearly incompressible turbulence in inhomogeneous flows. The formalism was based on expressing the fluctuating variables in terms of the Elsässar variables and then taking moments subject to various closure hypotheses. The turbulence transport models are different according to whether the plasma beta regime is large, of order unity, or small. Here, we show explicitly that the three sets of turbulence transport models admit a conser ... Wang, B.; Zank, G.~P.; Adhikari, L.; Zhao, L.; Published by: \apj      Published on: apr YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac596e Anisotropy of Magnetic Field Spectra at Kinetic Scales of Solar Wind Turbulence as Revealed by the Parker Solar Probe in the Inner Heliosphere Using the Parker Solar Probe data taken in the inner heliosphere, we investigate the power and spatial anisotropy of magnetic field spectra at kinetic scales (i.e., around sub-ion scales) in solar wind turbulence in the inner heliosphere. We find that strong anisotropy of the magnetic spectra occurs at kinetic scales with the strongest power in the perpendicular direction with respect to the local magnetic field (forming an angle \ensuremath\theta $_B$ with the mean flow velocity). The spectral index of the magnetic spectra ... Huang, S.~Y.; Xu, S.~B.; Zhang, J.; Sahraoui, F.; es, Andr\; He, J.~S.; Yuan, Z.~G.; Deng, X.~H.; Jiang, K.; Wei, Y.~Y.; Xiong, Q.~Y.; Wang, Z.; Yu, L.; Lin, R.~T.; Published by: \apjl      Published on: apr YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac5f02 2021 Nonlinear Wave-Wave Coupling Related to Whistler-mode and Electron Bernstein Waves Observed by the Parker Solar Probe We report nonlinear wave-wave coupling related to whistler-mode or electron Bernstein waves in the near-Sun slow solar wind with Parker Solar Probe (PSP) data. Prominent plasma wave power enhancements usually exist near the electron gyrofrequency (f$_ce$), identified as electrostatic whistler-mode and electron Bernstein waves (Malaspina et al. 2020). We find that these plasma waves near f$_ce$ typically have a harmonic spectral structure and further classify them into three types identified by the characteristics of wave fre ... Ma, Jiuqi; Gao, Xinliang; Yang, Zhongwei; Tsurutani, Bruce; Liu, Mingzhe; Lu, Quanming; Wang, Shui; Published by: \apj      Published on: sep YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0ef4 Parker Solar Probe FIELDS Instrument Charging in the Near Sun Environment: Part 1: Computational Model The Spacecraft Interaction Plasma Software package (SPIS), a three dimension particle in cell (PIC) code, was used to model the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft and FIELDS instrument and their interactions with the Solar wind. Our SPIS modeling relied on material properties of new spacecraft materials that we had obtained in previous work. The model was used to find the floating potentials of the spacecraft and FIELDS antennas at different distances from the Sun (from 1AU to 0.046AU). We find the following results: At gre ... Diaz-Aguado, M.~F.; Bonnell, J.~W.; Bale, S.~D.; Wang, J.; Gruntman, M.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)      Published on: may YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028688 Solar Origin of Compressive Alfv\ enic Spikes/Kinks as Observed by Parker Solar Probe The solar wind is found by the Parker Solar Probe to be abundant with Alfv\ enic velocity spikes and magnetic field kinks. Temperature enhancement is another remarkable feature associated with the Alfv\ enic spikes. How the prototype of these coincident phenomena is generated intermittently in the source region is an important and wide-ranging subject. Here we propose a new model introducing guide-field discontinuity into the interchange magnetic reconnection between open funnels and closed loops with different magnetic heli ... He, Jiansen; Zhu, Xingyu; Yang, Liping; Hou, Chuanpeng; Duan, Die; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Ying; Published by: \apjl      Published on: may YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abf83d Anisotropy of Solar Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere at Kinetic Scales: PSP Observations The anisotropy of solar wind turbulence is a critical issue in understanding the physics of energy transfer between scales and energy conversion between fields and particles in the heliosphere. Using the measurement of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), we present an observation of the anisotropy at kinetic scales in the slow, Alfv\ enic, solar wind in the inner heliosphere. The magnetic compressibility behaves as expected for kinetic Alfv\ enic turbulence below the ion scale. A steepened transition range is found between the inertia ... Duan, Die; He, Jiansen; Bowen, Trevor; Woodham, Lloyd; Wang, Tieyan; Chen, Christopher; Mallet, Alfred; Bale, Stuart; Published by: \apjl      Published on: jul YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac07ac Domains of Magnetic Pressure Balance in Parker Solar Probe Observations of the Solar Wind The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft is performing the first in situ exploration of the solar wind within 0.2 au of the Sun. Initial observations confirmed the Alfv\ enic nature of aligned fluctuations of the magnetic field B and velocity V in solar wind plasma close to the Sun, in domains of nearly constant magnetic field magnitude \ensuremath\mid B \ensuremath\mid, i.e., approximate magnetic pressure balance. Such domains are interrupted by particularly strong fluctuations, including but not limited to radial field (pol ... Ruffolo, David; Ngampoopun, Nawin; Bhora, Yash; Thepthong, Panisara; Pongkitiwanichakul, Peera; Matthaeus, William; Chhiber, Rohit; Published by: \apj      Published on: dec YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ee3 Magnetic and Velocity Fluctuations in the Near-Sun Region from 0.1-0.3 au Observed by Parker Solar Probe The fluctuations observed in the slow solar wind at 1 au by the WIND spacecraft are shown by recent studies to consist of mainly magnetic-field directional turning and magnetic-velocity alignment structure (MVAS). How these structures are created has been a question because the nature of the fluctuations in the near-Sun region remains unknown. Here, we present an analysis of the measurements in the slow solar wind from 0.1-0.3 au by Parker Solar Probe during its first six orbits. We present the distributions in the $C_\mathr ... Wu, Honghong; Tu, Chuanyi; Wang, Xin; Yang, Liping; Published by: \apj Published on: dec YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3331 Probing Upflowing Regions in the Quiet Sun and Coronal Holes Recent observations from Parker Solar Probe have revealed that the solar wind has a highly variable structure. How this complex behaviour is formed in the solar corona is not yet known, since it requires omnipresent fluctuations, which constantly emit material to feed the wind. In this article we analyse 14 upflow regions in the solar corona to find potential sources for plasma flow. The upflow regions are derived from spectroscopic data from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode determining their Doppler veloci ... Schwanitz, Conrad; Harra, Louise; Raouafi, Nour; Sterling, Alphonse; Vacas, Alejandro; Iniesta, Jose; arez, David; Hara, Hirohisa; Published by: \solphys Published on: dec YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1007/s11207-021-01915-0 Characteristics of Interplanetary Discontinuities in the Inner Heliosphere Revealed by Parker Solar Probe We present a statistical analysis for the characteristics and spatial evolution of the interplanetary discontinuities (IDs) in the solar wind, from 0.13-0.9 au, by using the Parker Solar Probe measurements on Orbits 4 and 5. We collected 3948 IDs, including 2511 rotational discontinuities (RDs) and 557 tangential discontinuities (TDs), with the remnant unidentified. The statistical results show that (1) the ID occurrence rate decreases from 200 events per day at 0.13 au to 1 event per day at 0.9 au, following a spatial scali ... Liu, Y.~Y.; Fu, H.~S.; Cao, J.~B.; Liu, C.~M.; Wang, Z.; Guo, Z.~Z.; Xu, Y.; Bale, S.~D.; Kasper, J.~C.; Published by: \apj Published on: aug YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac06a1 Large Amplitude Switchback Turbulence: Possible Magnetic Velocity Alignment Structures Switchbacks are widely acknowledged phenomena observed by the Parker Solar Probe and appear to occur in patches. Previous studies focused on the fluctuations at the magnetic reversals. However, the nature of the fluctuations inside the switchbacks remains unknown. Here we utilize the magnetic field data and plasma data measured by the Parker Solar Probe in the first four encounters. We investigate the fluctuations in the switchback intervals of 100 s with$B_R 0$at every instant and compare them to the fluctuations in the n ... Wu, Honghong; Tu, Chuanyi; Wang, Xin; Yang, Liping; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abec6c In-flight Calibration and Data Reduction for the WISPR Instrument On Board the PSP Mission We present the calibration status and data reduction methodology for the Wide Field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR) on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. In particular, we describe the process for converting a raw image, measured in digital numbers (DN), to a calibrated image, measured in mean solar brightness (MSB). We also discuss details of the on board image processing including bias removal, the linearity of the electronics, pointing, geometric distortion, and photometric calibration using stellar measurements, ... Hess, Phillip; Howard, Russell; Stenborg, Guillermo; Linton, Mark; Vourlidas, Angelos; Thernisien, Arnaud; Colaninno, Robin; Rich, Nathan; Wang, Dennis; Battams, Karl; Kuroda, Natsuha; Published by: Solar Physics Published on: 06/2021 YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1007/s11207-021-01847-9 Correlation of the Sunspot Number and the Waiting-time Distribution of Solar Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections, and Solar Wind Switchback Events Observed with the Parker Solar Probe Waiting-time distributions of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) exhibit power-law-like distribution functions with slopes in the range of ατ ≍ 1.4-3.2, as observed in annual data sets during four solar cycles (1974-2012). We find a close correlation between the waiting-time power-law slope ατ and the sunspot number (SN), i.e., ατ = 1.38 + 0.01 × SN. The waiting-time distribution can be fitted with a Pareto-type function of the form N(τ) = N0$(\tau _0+\tau )^ ... Aschwanden, Markus; de Wit, Thierry; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal      Published on: 05/2021 YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abef69 Parker Solar Probe FIELDS Instrument Charging in the Near Sun Environment: Part 2: Comparison of In Flight Data and Modeling Results This research shows Part II of the Spacecraft Interaction Plasma Software (SPIS) used to model the parker solar probe (PSP) FIELDS instrument and its interactions with the Solar Wind. Flight data were used to run the PSP model and compared with models using past predicted parameters. The effect of voltage biasing between the antenna, its shield, and the spacecraft on the current balance of each surface was investigated at first perihelion (0.16AU). The model data were reduced to I-V curves to find current saturations (analys ... Diaz-Aguado, M.; Bonnell, J.; Bale, S.; Wang, J.; Gruntman, M.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)      Published on: 05/2021 YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028689 Parker Solar Probe Observations of Alfv\ enic Waves and Ion-cyclotron Waves in a Small-scale Flux Rope Shi, Chen; Zhao, Jinsong; Huang, Jia; Wang, Tieyan; Wu, Dejin; Chen, Yu; Hu, Qiang; Kasper, Justin; Bale, Stuart; Published by: \apjl      Published on: 02/2021 YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abdd28 2020 The interpretation of data from the Parker Solar Probe mission: shear-driven transition to an isotropically turbulent solar wind The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission has been studied since 1958. After many iterations and changes in design, the mission was launched on August 12, 2018 (see, https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/parker-solar-probe). PSP has completed its 3rd rendezvous with Venus and 6th perihelion passage. Each flyby brings PSP closer to the Sun (eventually to 9.7 solar radii). In October 2020 it flew within 20 solar radii of the solar surface. A goal of the mission is to determine how the solar corona is heated to ∼ a million degrees. ... Goldstein, Melvyn; Ruffolo, D.; Matthaeus, W.~H.; Chhiber, R.; Usmanov, A.~V.; Yang, Y.; Bandyopadhyay, R.; Parashar, T.~N.; DeForest, E.; Wan, M.; Chasapis, A.; Maruca, B.~A.; Velli, M.; Kasper, J.~C.; Published by: Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids      Published on: 11/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1080/10420150.2020.1845690 Parker Data Used Energy Supply for Heating the Slow Solar Wind Observed by Parker Solar Probe between 0.17 and 0.7 au Energy supply sources for the heating process in the slow solar wind remain unknown. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission provides a good opportunity to study this issue. Recently, PSP observations have found that the slow solar wind experiences stronger heating inside 0.24 au. Here for the first time we measure in the slow solar wind the radial gradient of the low-frequency breaks on the magnetic trace power spectra and evaluate the associated energy supply rate. We find that the energy supply rate is consistent with the ob ... Wu, Honghong; Tu, Chuanyi; Wang, Xin; He, Jiansen; Yang, Liping; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal      Published on: 11/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abc5b6 Shear-driven Transition to Isotropically Turbulent Solar Wind Outside the Alfv\ en Critical Zone Motivated by prior remote observations of a transition from striated\ solar\ coronal structures to more isotropic "flocculated" fluctuations, we propose that the dynamics of the inner\ solar\ wind just outside the Alfven critical zone, and in the vicinity of the first beta = 1 surface, is powered by the relative velocities of adjacent coronal magnetic flux tubes. We suggest that large-amplitude flow contrasts are magnetically constrained at lower altitude but shear-driven dynamics are triggered as such ... Ruffolo, D.; Matthaeus, W.; Chhiber, R.; Usmanov, A.; Yang, Y.; Bandyopadhyay, R.; Parashar, T.; Goldstein, M.; Deforest, C.; Wan, M.; Chasapis, A.; Maruca, B.; Velli, M.; Kasper, J.; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal      Published on: 10/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb594 Using Stereoscopic Observations of Cometary Plasma Tails to Infer Solar Wind Speed Detection of the solar wind speed near the Sun is significant in understanding the heating and acceleration of the solar wind. Cometary plasma tails have long been used as natural probes for solar wind speed; previous solar wind speed estimates via plasma tails, however, were based on comet images from a single viewpoint, and the projection effect may influence the result. Using stereoscopic observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, we three-dimensionally rec ... Cheng, Long; Zhang, Quanhao; Wang, Yuming; Li, Xiaolei; Liu, Rui; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal      Published on: 07/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab93b6 Study of flux-rope characteristics at sub-astronomical-unit distances using the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft Raghav, Anil; Gaikwad, Sandesh; Wang, Yuming; Shaikh, Zubair; Mishra, Wageesh; Zao, Ake; Published by: \mnras      Published on: 06/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa1189 Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. III. Analysis Wilson, Lynn; Chen, Li-Jen; Wang, Shan; Schwartz, Steven; Turner, Drew; Stevens, Michael; Kasper, Justin; Osmane, Adnane; Caprioli, Damiano; Bale, Stuart; Pulupa, Marc; Salem, Chadi; Goodrich, Katherine; Published by: \apj      Published on: 04/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7d39 Pathways to Dissipation in Weakly Collisional Plasmas Matthaeus, William; Yang, Yan; Wan, Minping; Parashar, Tulasi; Bandyopadhyay, Riddhi; Chasapis, Alexandros; Pezzi, Oreste; Valentini, Francesco; Published by: \apj      Published on: 03/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6d6a Morphological Reconstruction of a Small Transient Observed by Parker Solar Probe on 2018 November 5 On 2018 November 5, about 24 hr before the first close perihelion passage of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), a coronal mass ejection (CME) entered the field of view of the inner detector of the Wide-field Imager for Solar PRobe (WISPR) instrument on board PSP, with the northward component of its trajectory carrying the leading edge of the CME off the top edge of the detector about four hours after its first appearance. We connect this event to a very small jetlike transient observed from 1 au by coronagraphs on both the SOlar a ... Wood, Brian; Hess, Phillip; Howard, Russell; Stenborg, Guillermo; Wang, Yi-Ming; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series      Published on: 02/2020 YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab5219 2019 Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. II. Statistics A statistical analysis of 15,210 electron velocity distribution function (VDF) fits, observed within \textpm2 hr of 52 interplanetary (IP) shocks by the Wind spacecraft near 1 au, is presented. This is the second in a three-part series on electron VDFs near IP shocks. The electron velocity moment statistics for the dense, low-energy core, tenuous, hot halo, and field-aligned beam/strahl are a statistically significant list of values illustrated with both histograms and tabular lists for reference and baselines in future w ... Wilson, Lynn; Chen, Li-Jen; Wang, Shan; Schwartz, Steven; Turner, Drew; Stevens, Michael; Kasper, Justin; Osmane, Adnane; Caprioli, Damiano; Bale, Stuart; Pulupa, Marc; Salem, Chadi; Goodrich, Katherine; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series      Published on: 12/2019 YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab5445 Multiple-point Modeling the Parker Spiral Configuration of the Solar Wind Magnetic Field at the Solar Maximum of Solar Cycle 24 By assuming that the solar wind flow is spherically symmetric and that the flow speed becomes constant beyond some critical distance r = R 0 (neglecting solar gravitation and acceleration by high coronal temperature), the large-scale solar wind magnetic field lines are distorted into a Parker spiral configuration, which is usually simplified to an Archimedes spiral. Using magnetic field observations near Mercury, Venus, and Earth during solar maximum of Solar Cycle 24, we statistically surveyed the Parker spira ... Chang, Qing; Xu, Xiaojun; Xu, Qi; Zhong, Jun; Xu, Jiaying; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Tielong; Published by: The Astrophysical Journal      Published on: 10/2019 YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab412a Role of magnetic field curvature in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence Yang, Yan; Wan, Minping; Matthaeus, William; Shi, Yipeng; Parashar, Tulasi; Lu, Quanming; Chen, Shiyi; Published by: Physics of Plasmas      Published on: 08/2019 YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1063/1.5099360

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